GO:0044597

BP

daunorubicin metabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways involving daunorubicin, a chemotherapeutic of the anthracycline family that is given as a treatment for some types of cancer.

AKR7A2, AKR1B1, AKR1C3, AKR1C2, AKR1C1

GO:0044598

BP

doxorubicin metabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways involving doxorubicin, an anthracycline antibiotic, used in cancer chemotherapy.

AKR7A2, AKR1B1, AKR1C3, AKR1C2, AKR1C1

GO:0044599

CC

AP-5 adaptor complex

An AP-type membrane coat adaptor complex that in humans consists of beta5, zeta, mu5 and sigma5 subunits and is found associated with membranes in the endosomes; it is not clear whether AP-5 forms clathrin coats in vivo.

AP5Z1

GO:0044609

CC

DBIRD complex

A protein complex that associates with mRNP particles and RNA polymerase II and is proposed to integrate transcript elongation with the regulation of alternative splicing. In humans it is composed of the proteins KIAA1967/DBC1 and ZNF326/ZIRD.

ZNF326, CCAR2

GO:0044610

MF

FMN transmembrane transporter activity

Enables the directed movement of flavine mononucleotide (FMN) into, out of or within a cell, or between cells.

SLC25A17

GO:0044611

CC

nuclear pore inner ring

A subcomplex of the nuclear pore complex (NPC) that forms the inner rings of the core scaffold, a lattice-like structure that gives the NPC its shape and strength. In S. cerevisiae, the two inner rings are each composed of Nup192p, Nup188p, Nup170p and Nup157p. In vertebrates, the two inner rings are each composed of Nup205, Nup188 and Nup155. Components are arranged in 8-fold symmetrical 'spokes' around the central transport channel. A single 'spoke', can be isolated and is sometimes referred to as the Nup170 complex.

NUP155, NUP205

GO:0044613

CC

nuclear pore central transport channel

The central substructure of the nuclear pore complex (NPC), through which nucleocytoplasmic transport of RNAs, proteins and small molecules occurs. The central transport channel is filled with FG-nucleoporins, which form a selective barrier and provide a series of binding sites for transporter proteins. Characterized S. cerevisiae FG-nucleoporins include Nup159p, Nup145Np, Nup116p, Nup100p, Nsp1p, Nup57p, Nup49p, Nup42p, Nup53p, Nup59p/Asm4p, Nup60p and Nup1. Characterized vertebrate FG-nucleoporins include Nup214, Nup98, Nup62, Nup54, Nup58/45, NLP1, and Nup153.

NUP62, NUP153, NUTF2, NUP35, NUP62CL

GO:0044614

CC

nuclear pore cytoplasmic filaments

Filamentous extensions on cytoplasmic face of the nuclear pore complex (NPC). In S. cerevisiae, Nup159p, Nup82p, and Nup42p contribute to the cytoplasmic filaments. In vertebrates, Nup358 is a major component.

RANGAP1, RANBP2

GO:0044615

CC

nuclear pore nuclear basket

A filamentous, cage-like assembly on the nuclear face of the nuclear pore complex (NPC). In S. cerevisiae, Mlp1p and Mlp2p are two major components of the NPC nuclear basket. In vertebrates, Tpr is a major component.

TPR, NUP153, RANBP2, NUP35

GO:0044666

CC

MLL3/4 complex

A protein complex that can methylate lysine-4 of histone H3, and which contains either of the protein subunits MLL3 or MLL4 in mammals, or equivalent in other species.

KDM6A, RBBP5, KMT2C, PAGR1, ASH2L

GO:0044691

BP

tooth eruption

The tooth development process in which the teeth enter the mouth and become visible.

COL1A1, ADAMTS5

GO:0044702

BP

single organism reproductive process

A biological process that directly contributes to the process of producing new individuals, involving a single organism.

NPR2

GO:0044708

BP

single-organism behavior

The specific behavior of a single organism in response to external or internal stimuli.

MBD5

GO:0044713

MF

2-hydroxy-adenosine triphosphate pyrophosphatase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: 2-hydroxy-adenosine-triphosphate + H2O = 2-hydroxy-adenosine phosphate + diphosphate.

NUDT1

GO:0044714

MF

2-hydroxy-(deoxy)adenosine-triphosphate pyrophosphatase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: 2-hydroxy-(deoxy)adenosine-triphosphate + H2O = 2-hydroxy-(deoxy)adenosine phosphate + diphosphate.

NUDT1

GO:0044715

MF

8-oxo-dGDP phosphatase activity

Catalysis of the reaction 8-oxo-dGDP + H2O = 8-oxo-dGMP + phosphate.

NUDT5

GO:0044721

BP

protein import into peroxisome matrix, substrate release

The process by which the cargo protein is released into the peroxisomal matrix, following translocation across the membrane.

PEX14

GO:0044729

MF

hemi-methylated DNA-binding

Interacting selectively and non-covalently with double-stranded hemi-methylated DNA at replication foci (one strand methylated, while the other strand is unmethylated). Methylation of cytosine or adenine in DNA is an important mechanism for establishing stable heritable epigenetic marks.

EGR1, WT1, UHRF1

GO:0044736

MF

acid-sensing ion channel activity

Enables the transmembrane transfer of a sodium ion by a neuronal, voltage-insensitive channel that opens when a an extracellular proton has been bound by the channel complex.

ASIC2, ASIC3

GO:0044752

BP

response to human chorionic gonadotropin

Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a human chorionic gonadotropin stimulus.

GCLC, GCLM

GO:0044753

CC

amphisome

An autophagosome formed upon fusion between autophagosomes and endosomes.

SQSTM1

GO:0044754

CC

autolysosome

A type of secondary lysosome in which a primary lysosome has fused with the outer membrane of an autophagosome. It is involved in the second step of autophagy in which it degrades contents with acidic lysosomal hydrolases.

FTL, FTH1, LAMP2, SQSTM1, NCOA4, PIK3C3, MAP1LC3A

GO:0044770

BP

cell cycle phase transition

The cell cycle process by which a cell commits to entering the next cell cycle phase.

CDC7, PTPRC, TIPIN, TIMELESS

GO:0044772

BP

mitotic cell cycle phase transition

The cell cycle process by which a cell commits to entering the next mitotic cell cycle phase.

CKS2, NEK11, LZTS1

GO:0044774

BP

mitotic DNA integrity checkpoint

A mitotic cell cycle process that controls cell cycle progression in response to changes in DNA structure by monitoring the integrity of the DNA. The DNA integrity checkpoint begins with detection of DNA damage, defects in DNA structure or DNA replication, and ends with signal transduction.

TOP2A

GO:0044782

BP

cilium organization

A process that is carried out at the cellular level which results in the assembly, arrangement of constituent parts, or disassembly of a cilium, a specialized eukaryotic organelle that consists of a filiform extrusion of the cell surface. Each cilium is bounded by an extrusion of the cytoplasmic membrane, and contains a regular longitudinal array of microtubules, anchored basally in a centriole.

CFAP126, MNS1, TTC17

GO:0044783

BP

G1 DNA damage checkpoint

A cell cycle checkpoint that detects and negatively regulates progression from G1 to S phase in the cell cycle in response to DNA damage.

WAC

GO:0044791

BP

positive regulation by host of viral release from host cell

A process in which a host organism activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of the release of a virus with which it is infected, from its cells.

PC, CAV2, ZNF502, VAPA

GO:0044794

BP

positive regulation by host of viral process

A process in which a host organism activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of the release of a process being mediated by a virus with which it is infected.

APOE, PC, PPIB, CFL1, CAV2, ZNF502

GO:0044798

CC

nuclear transcription factor complex

A protein complex, located in the nucleus, that is capable of associating with DNA by direct binding, or via other DNA-binding proteins or complexes, and regulating transcription.

KLF4, SOX15, SOX9, SOX8, SOX4, NFATC2, SOX17

GO:0044804

BP

nucleophagy

A selective form of autophagy, by which damaged or non-essential parts of the nucleus, or even an entire nucleus is degraded.

ATG12, WIPI1, ATG2B, WDR45, WIPI2

GO:0044806

BP

G-quadruplex DNA unwinding

The process by which G-quadruplex (also known as G4) DNA, which is a four-stranded DNA structure held together by guanine base pairing, is unwound or 'melted'.

PIF1

GO:0044822

MF

poly(A) RNA binding

Interacting non-covalently with a poly(A) RNA, a RNA molecule which has a tail of adenine bases.

RBM47, MEX3A, GTPBP10, CNOT1, DDX39A, SUPT5H, IPO5, SAP18, IGF2BP3, RTCA, NOP56, DDX3X, CHD2, HNRNPDL, U2SURP, MRPS12, HMGB3, SLC16A3, CD3EAP, NUPL2, DHX15, RBFOX2, HNRNPR, PRPF3, ERI3, EIF4G3, ZNF207, ACTN4, NUDT21, KIF1C, DHX16, ZFC3H1, SYNCRIP, EIF4E2, EIF1B, MRPS14, DKC1, EIF5B, EDF1, ROCK2, PTCD1, ZC3H11A, DUSP11, FLNB, PRPF40A, PSIP1, SRSF10, KHDRBS3, PRKRA, NPM3, UTP20, POP7, RSL1D1, SRP72, SORBS2, SCAF4, ZRANB2, LUC7L3, CELF2, PARN, NSA2, CNOT4, PTBP3, LSM8, STAU1, GOT2, ASS1, TFRC, ALDOA, CSTB, HSPB1, SLC25A5, EIF2S1, HMGN2, RPLP0, JUN, SSB, KRT18, EIF4E, ENO1, NPM1, P4HB, ANXA2, DCN, PFN1, HSP90AA1, HNRNPC, SLC3A2, HSP90AB1, RPS17, RPSA, SNRPA, SNRPC, LGALS1, HMGB1, HNRNPA1, SNRPA1, PARP1, UBC, HIST1H1E, TXN, HSPD1, TOP1, TOP2A, TPR, XRCC5, EEF2, PDIA4, TPT1, FDPS, PKM, SNRPB, HNRNPL, DARS, GSPT1, EZR, NME1, NQO1, RPS2, DSP, HIST1H1C, UBTF, DDX5, LGALS3, TCP1, RPL35A, RPL7, SON, RPL17, BTF3, CAST, CDK11B, CSRP1, FLNA, UBA1, HNRNPA2B1, SFPQ, PPIB, EIF4B, POLR2A, RPL13, S100A4, HMGB2, PTBP1, ZFP36, RPL10, CALR, CANX, GRN, RBMS1, RPL12, PEBP1, PDIA3, HLA-A, POLR2B, CORO1A, TIA1, HNRNPH3, HNRNPH1, STIP1, DUT, CTNNA1, RDX, RPL22, GTF2F1, MYH9, FUS, DEK, ATP5C1, RPL4, PPP1CC, SRP14, RBMX, ANP32A, CCT6A, RPL13A, MDH2, EIF1, SKIV2L2, RPS27, HELZ, LRPPRC, RPL35, MATR3, TSFM, MKI67, NOP2, CRKL, RPL27A, RPL5, RPL21, RPL28, RPS9, RPS5, RPS10, EIF1AX, RPL29, ZFP36L2, ARCN1, PRRC2A, FASN, CCT3, HARS2, CSNK1E, RBM25, GDI2, SERPINH1, METAP2, RPL14, ANXA11, FXR1, DAP3, NOVA1, HDGF, HNRNPA3, HNRNPM, KPNA2, RBM5, HRSP12, SUCLG1, SUB1, YARS, ALDH18A1, EIF5, VCP, HADHB, NAP1L1, SNU13, HNRNPH2, NDUFV3, MAZ, PCBP4, EPPK1, EIF4A1, RPS20, SRP54, RPS3A, RPL26, RPL15, RPL27, RPL37A, HSPE1, STXBP1, SUMO2, RPS7, PSMC1, RPS8, RPS15A, RPS16, YWHAE, RPS14, RPS18, RPS13, RPS11, LSM3, LSM6, SNRPD1, SNRPD2, SNRPD3, TMSB4X, RPL7A, RPL23A, RPS6, HIST1H4A, RPS25, RPS26, RPL30, RPL31, RPL10A, RPL32, RPL11, PPIA, RPS27A, GRB2, TRA2B, YWHAZ, RPS21, EIF5A, RACK1, UBE2I, YBX1, EEF1A1, RBM6, RPP30, SRPK2, PRKDC, ADARB1, MRPS5, MRPS21, SARNP, RPL24, RPL36A, ARF1, ERH, RPL19, RBM3, TFAM, HDLBP, PURA, FKBP3, HNRNPU, SPTBN1, SRSF2, EWSR1, POU5F1, ALDH6A1, RPL18A, FKBP4, CEBPZ, SSBP1, SRSF11, COL14A1, EXOSC9, FMR1, PRDX1, ZFP36L1, KHDRBS1, SRSF1, SSRP1, NSUN2, NCBP1, AHNAK, BST2, TBL3, GRSF1, SF3A3, ILF2, ILF3, CSTF3, TARDBP, SRSF9, SRSF5, SRSF6, TRIM28, G3BP1, IFIT5, SNTB2, PPIG, TCOF1, PDAP1, PRPF4B, TRA2A, CDK13, CIRBP, HNRNPD, BOP1, EIF3A, DYNC1H1, EIF4A2, TRIM25, FAM50A, CAPRIN1, SLBP, RBM39, PUM1, SMC1A, RRP1B, GANAB, ZNF638, KPNB1, SART3, RRS1, NONO, RNPS1, PCBP1, PUM3, RBMS2, TRIP6, MAPRE1, ELAVL1, ZYX, PKN2, FSCN1, IFI16, CPEB4, KNOP1, TSR1, LARP7, FAM98B, FNDC3B, NCBP3, PAN3, ZNF326, NOM1, DNAJC21, PRRC2B, RRP12, SAMD4B, DNTTIP2, EXOSC6, ZC3H13, IBA57, RBM26, MEX3C, ZCCHC6, MBNL2, LARP1B, ARL6IP4, TWF2, MRM1, CXorf57, PTRF, RPUSD3, MRPL54, MRPL14, ALKBH5, ZC3H14, LARP1, FIP1L1, KIAA1324, GIGYF2, LARP4, RPS27L, NOL8, SUPT6H, DDX46, BZW1, DHX30, DHX32, TRMT1L, MRPL21, NUFIP2, DHX29, CPEB2, RBBP6, HUWE1, YTHDF3, PEG10, PABPN1, MTDH, KTN1, ALYREF, METTL16, RPS19BP1, MEX3D, SPATS2, RBM45, ZC3H7A, CHERP, SUGP2, CCAR1, DHX40, MRPL41, DHX37, SRRM1, SUPV3L1, XRN1, SELENOH, CCAR2, ZCCHC24, ASCC3, ZCCHC7, ZCCHC9, NKAP, CISD2, RPP25L, KRI1, ZNF579, PCSK9, SERBP1, FAM98A, LSM14A, PAPD5, TDRD9, TNRC6A, CPEB3, ABCF1, NGDN, KMT2C, WDR36, RP9, PUM2, ZCRB1, PNPT1, DDX54, UTP15, GEMIN5, PNISR, ZC3H15, PPIL4, ATXN2L, PRPF31, SREK1, PSPC1, H1FX, RTF1, GCN1, MRPS31, AKAP1, HDAC2, TAF15, RPGR, DDX17, KHSRP, EMG1, RBPMS, SECISBP2L, UTP4, TBRG4, CCDC47, FUBP1, CHCHD1, RPUSD4, FLYWCH2, KCTD12, MSI2, SNRNP40, DAZAP1, RBM33, PTCD3, S100A16, DDX27, NAF1, FAM46A, ZC3H10, ZFR, YTHDC1, QKI, PUS7, SMG1, PPP1R10, TEFM, PURB, GFM1, SRPK1, STRBP, SECISBP2, RBM15, SPEN, CDC5L, MTERF1, SCAF11, HSD17B10, HNRNPAB, NAP1L4, EBNA1BP2, PRMT1, RBM4B, ELAC2, CMSS1, MYBBP1A, BUD13, C7orf50, LLPH, UTP23, DIDO1, HNRNPUL1, RPP25, DDX23, GNL3, REPIN1, RBM4, NAA15, NUSAP1, POLDIP3, MRPL32, MRPL4, MRPL1, NIFK, YTHDF1, HELZ2, MRPS26, MRPL37, CRNKL1, UNK, DDX24, SLIRP, MKRN2, DDX47, RBM38, NUCKS1, DHX36, PNN, DHX35, BICC1, YTHDC2, ESRP2, NOL11, DDX31, MRPL44, RC3H2, TNS1, RAVER2, FBRSL1, ALG13, NGRN, MRPL40, RTN4, MBNL1, EIF4ENIF1, SAMSN1, MBNL3, STAU2, DDX28, SPATS2L, DCAF13, GNL3L, MTPAP, RBM22, SLTM, TRNAU1AP, LYAR, GAR1, AATF, BCLAF1, ZAK, FAM120A, GLTSCR2, MRPL15, CCDC59, USP36, BCCIP, ZNFX1, RRBP1, MYEF2, NXF1, TES, SEC63, ZC3H7B, TCF20, NOL12, APOBEC3B, MKRN1, PUF60, DMGDH, TRMT6, PURG, PTBP2, MRTO4, GPATCH8, AGO2, NOL7, G3BP2, PPIE, DIMT1, NOVA2, WDR3, MACF1, TNRC6B, ZC3H4, SAMD4A, SRRM2, PA2G4, NIP7, PIN4, FARSA, R3HDM2, MRPS28, DDX52, THRAP3, FCF1, LSM2, LUC7L2, RBMX2, RRP7A, SBDS, SF3B6, RTCB, NOC2L, RPL36, MYO5A, TBL2, LAS1L, LSM4, PRRC2C, YTHDF2, SUPT16H, UTP18, UCHL5, RBM8A, MRPL42, IGF2BP2, DDX49

GO:0044828

BP

negative regulation by host of viral genome replication

A process in which a host organism stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of viral genome replication.

PARK2, VAPA, EIF2AK4

GO:0044829

BP

positive regulation by host of viral genome replication

A process in which a host organism activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of viral genome replication.

PPIB, STOM, NUCKS1, YTHDC2, VAPA

GO:0044830

BP

modulation by host of viral RNA genome replication

A process in which a host organism modulates the frequency, rate or extent of viral RNA genome replication.

FMR1

GO:0044849

BP

estrous cycle

A type of ovulation cycle, which occurs in most mammalian therian females, where the endometrium is resorbed if pregnancy does not occur.

GNRH1, ANXA1, PCNA, ETS1, EGR1, OXTR, OPRL1, NCOA1, HAS2

GO:0044853

CC

plasma membrane raft

A membrane raft that is part of the plasma membrane.

MYO1D, PRKAR1A, PRKAR2A, EZR, PRKACA, CDH2

GO:0044854

BP

plasma membrane raft assembly

The aggregation, arrangement and bonding together of a set of components to form a plasma membrane raft.

FLOT1

GO:0044860

BP

protein localization to plasma membrane raft

A process in which a protein is transported to, or maintained in, a location within a plasma membrane raft.

CAV1

GO:0044861

BP

protein transport into plasma membrane raft

The directed movement of a protein into a plasma membrane raft.

ATP1B1, CLIP1

GO:0044869

BP

negative regulation by host of viral exo-alpha-sialidase activity

The process in which an organism effects a change in symbiont exo-alpha-sialidase activity, the catalysis of the hydrolysis of peptide bonds in a protein.

APCS, PTX3

GO:0044871

BP

negative regulation by host of viral glycoprotein metabolic process

A process in which a host organism stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of viral glycoprotein metabolic process.

APCS, PTX3

GO:0044877

MF

macromolecular complex binding

Interacting selectively and non-covalently with any macromolecular complex.

XRCC5, ACD

GO:0045004

BP

DNA replication proofreading

Correction of replication errors by DNA polymerase using a 3'-5' exonuclease activity.

POLD1

GO:0045006

BP

DNA deamination

The removal of an amino group from a nucleotide base in DNA. An example is the deamination of cytosine to produce uracil.

EXOSC6, EXOSC4, EXOSC3

GO:0045007

BP

depurination

The disruption of the bond between the sugar in the backbone and the A or G base, causing the base to be removed and leaving a depurinated sugar.

MPG, MUTYH

GO:0045008

BP

depyrimidination

The disruption of the bond between the sugar in the backbone and the C or T base, causing the base to be removed and leaving a depyrimidinated sugar.

MBD4, UNG, NTHL1, TDG, SMUG1

GO:0045010

BP

actin nucleation

The initial step in the formation of an actin filament, in which actin monomers combine to form a new filament. Nucleation is slow relative to the subsequent addition of more monomers to extend the filament.

LMOD1, ARPC4

GO:0045016

BP

mitochondrial magnesium ion transport

The transport of magnesium ions (Mg2+) into, out of or within a mitochondrion. Transport across the mitochondrial membranes is mediated by a mitochondrial inner membrane protein.

MRS2

GO:0045019

BP

negative regulation of nitric oxide biosynthetic process

Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of nitric oxide.

IL10, ATP2B4, TSPO, CAV1, RGN, PTGIS, KHSRP

GO:0045022

BP

early endosome to late endosome transport

The directed movement of substances, in membrane-bounded vesicles, from the early sorting endosomes to the late sorting endosomes; transport occurs along microtubules and can be experimentally blocked with microtubule-depolymerizing drugs.

RAB5A, RAB7A, EMP2, SNX16, EEA1, HOOK3, PIK3C3, HOOK2, ANKRD27, AKTIP

GO:0045023

BP

G0 to G1 transition

The mitotic cell cycle phase transition whose occurrence commits the cell from the G0 quiescent state to the G1 phase. Under certain conditions, cells exit the cell cycle during G1 and remain in the G0 state as nongrowing, non-dividing (quiescent) cells. Appropriate stimulation of such cells induces them to return to G1 and resume growth and division. The G0 to G1 transition is accompanied by many changes in the program of gene expression.

MDM4, CDK3

GO:0045025

CC

mitochondrial degradosome

A mitochondrial protein complex with 3' to 5' exoribonuclease activity that participates in intron-independent turnover and processing of mitochondrial transcripts. In humans, the mitochondrial degradosome is a pentameric complex, and in yeast it exists as a heterodimer.

SUPV3L1, PNPT1

GO:0045026

BP

plasma membrane fusion

The joining of two or more lipid bilayer membranes that surround a cell.

TIE1, NSF, VASH2

GO:0045028

MF

G-protein coupled purinergic nucleotide receptor activity

Combining with a purine nucleotide and transmitting the signal across the membrane by activating an associated G-protein; promotes the exchange of GDP for GTP on the alpha subunit of a heterotrimeric G-protein complex.

PTAFR, P2RY14, P2RY8, GPR34

GO:0045029

MF

UDP-activated nucleotide receptor activity

Combining with a nucleotide and transmitting the signal to a heterotrimeric G-protein complex to initiate a change in cell activity, activated by UDP.

P2RY14

GO:0045039

BP

protein import into mitochondrial inner membrane

The process comprising the import of proteins into the mitochondrion from outside the organelle and their insertion into the mitochondrial inner membrane. The translocase of the outer membrane complex mediates the passage of these proteins across the outer membrane, after which they are guided by either of two inner membrane translocase complexes into their final destination in the inner membrane.

NDUFA13

GO:0045040

BP

protein import into mitochondrial outer membrane

The process comprising the insertion of proteins from outside the organelle into the mitochondrial outer membrane, mediated by large outer membrane translocase complexes.

HSP90AA1, HSPA4, TOMM22, TOMM7, SAMM50

GO:0045046

BP

protein import into peroxisome membrane

The targeting of proteins into the peroxisomal membrane. The process is not well understood, but both signals and mechanism differ from those involved in peroxisomal matrix protein import.

PEX3, RAB8B

GO:0045047

BP

protein targeting to ER

The process of directing proteins towards the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) using signals contained within the protein. One common mechanism uses a 16- to 30-residue signal sequence, typically located at the N-terminus of the protein and containing positively charged amino acids followed by a continuous stretch of hydrophobic residues, which directs the ribosome to the ER membrane and initiates transport of the growing polypeptide across the ER membrane.

SRP14, SEC61G, SRP54, SEC61A1, SPCS2

GO:0045048

BP

protein insertion into ER membrane

The process that results in incorporation of a protein into an endoplasmic reticulum (ER) membrane. It depends on specific topogenic sequences of amino acids that ensure that a protein acquires the proper orientation during its insertion into the ER membrane.

ASNA1

GO:0045053

BP

protein retention in Golgi apparatus

The retention of proteins within the Golgi apparatus. Golgi-localized carbohydrate-modifying enzymes have a short N-terminal domain that faces the cytosol, a single transmembrane alpha helix, and a large C-terminal domain that faces the Golgi lumen and that contains the catalytic site. How the membrane-spanning alpha helix in a Golgi enzyme causes its localization and prevents its movement to the plasma membrane is not known.

VPS13C, SORL1

GO:0045054

BP

constitutive secretory pathway

A process of exocytosis found in all eukaryotic cells, in which transport vesicles destined for the plasma membrane leave the trans-Golgi network in a steady stream. Upon exocytosis, the membrane proteins and lipids in these vesicles provide new components for the plasma membrane, and the soluble proteins inside the vesicles are released into the extracellular space.

RAB11B

GO:0045055

BP

regulated exocytosis

A process of exocytosis in which soluble proteins and other substances are initially stored in secretory vesicles for later release. It is found mainly in cells that are specialized for secreting products such as hormones, neurotransmitters, or digestive enzymes rapidly on demand.

TMED10, RAB31, RAB11B, RAB11FIP1, RAB11FIP2

GO:0045056

BP

transcytosis

The directed movement of endocytosed material through the cell and its exocytosis from the plasma membrane at the opposite side.

PTAFR, MFSD2A, MAL2, VPS35

GO:0045058

BP

T cell selection

The process in which T cells that express T cell receptors that are restricted by self MHC protein complexes and tolerant to self antigens are selected for further maturation.

CD4, CD74, CD1D

GO:0045059

BP

positive thymic T cell selection

The process of sparing immature T cells in the thymus which react with self-MHC protein complexes with low affinity levels from apoptotic death.

CD74, STK11, DOCK2

GO:0045060

BP

negative thymic T cell selection

The process of elimination of immature T cells in the thymus which react strongly with self-antigens.

CD74, GLI3, CD28, FAS, DOCK2

GO:0045063

BP

T-helper 1 cell differentiation

The process in which a relatively unspecialized T cell acquires the specialized features of a T-helper 1 (Th1) cell. A Th1 cell is a CD4-positive, alpha-beta T cell that has the phenotype T-bet-positive and produces interferon-gamma.

HMGB1, RELB, IL18R1, SEMA4A

GO:0045064

BP

T-helper 2 cell differentiation

The process in which a relatively unspecialized T cell acquires specialized features of a T-helper 2 (Th2) cell. A Th2 cell is a CD4-positive, alpha-beta T cell that has the phenotype GATA-3-positive and produces interleukin-4.

BCL3

GO:0045066

BP

regulatory T cell differentiation

The process in which a relatively unspecialized T cell acquires specialized features of a regulatory T cell. Regulatory T cells control or suppress immune responses through a variety of mechanisms and subsets include the CD4+CD25+ cell type as well as certain CD8+ cell types.

TGFB1, CD28

GO:0045069

BP

regulation of viral genome replication

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of viral genome replication.

BCL2, DDX5, PPIA

GO:0045070

BP

positive regulation of viral genome replication

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of viral genome replication.

NR5A2, DDX3X, TRIM38, PPIH, VAPB, STAU1, CD28, TOP2A, CCL5, NOTCH1, RAD23A, PPIA, SRPK2, ADARB1, PPID, PKN2, LARP1, SRPK1, HACD3, PPIE

GO:0045071

BP

negative regulation of viral genome replication

Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of viral genome replication.

PLSCR1, TNF, SLPI, ISG15, IFITM1, CCL5, SRPK2, IFITM3, RNASEL, BST2, ILF3, IFI16, MAVS, PROX1, ISG20, SRPK1, TRIM6, APOBEC3G

GO:0045075

BP

regulation of interleukin-12 biosynthetic process

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of interleukin-12.

MAST2

GO:0045077

BP

negative regulation of interferon-gamma biosynthetic process

Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of interferon-gamma.

INHA, INHBA, CD276, LILRB1, FOXP3

GO:0045078

BP

positive regulation of interferon-gamma biosynthetic process

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of interferon-gamma.

TLR3, CEBPG, CD276

GO:0045079

BP

negative regulation of chemokine biosynthetic process

Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of chemokines.

IL6, SIGIRR

GO:0045080

BP

positive regulation of chemokine biosynthetic process

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of chemokines.

TLR3, TNF, IL1B, HMOX1, EGR1, WNT5A

GO:0045081

BP

negative regulation of interleukin-10 biosynthetic process

Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of interleukin-10.

TRIB2

GO:0045082

BP

positive regulation of interleukin-10 biosynthetic process

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of interleukin-10.

BCL3

GO:0045083

BP

negative regulation of interleukin-12 biosynthetic process

Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of interleukin-12.

NFKB1

GO:0045084

BP

positive regulation of interleukin-12 biosynthetic process

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of interleukin-12.

TLR4, IRF1, RELA

GO:0045085

BP

negative regulation of interleukin-2 biosynthetic process

Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of interleukin-2.

LAG3, ZFP36, CD276, FOXP3

GO:0045086

BP

positive regulation of interleukin-2 biosynthetic process

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of interleukin-2.

IL1A, IL1B, CD4, CD28, STAT5B, PRKCQ, GLMN

GO:0045087

BP

innate immune response

Innate immune responses are defense responses mediated by germline encoded components that directly recognize components of potential pathogens.

IGLL5, TLR4, PIK3CD, DDX3X, POLR3G, HMGB3, TLR3, RIPK2, TYROBP, TLR5, TLR2, JAK2, TRIM13, CRCP, ATG12, VNN1, BCL10, C1R, IFNA1 , FGA, FGB, APCS, C1QA, ANG, SLPI, ANXA1, S100B, CYBB, IFNA16, APP, S100A8, SERPING1, CFI, FYN, S100A9, CSF1R, LYN, CD55, CD14, KRT16, HMGB1, FGR, C1S, C4A, C4B, UBC, SAA1, CLU, MBL2, DEFA4, C6, HLA-E, MIF, CD46, CD1D, CR1, LGALS3, NFKB1, NCF2, JAK1, PTX3, HMGB2, CD6, CORO1A, S100A7, PPARG, CSK, ABL2, SYK, PIK3CG, CASP4, IRAK1, JAK3, CAPZA1, CRISP3, F2RL1, TIRAP, B2M, RPS27A, UBA52, SRPK2, ADARB1, LCN2, RELB, REL, PTK2, C1QBP, TNK2, BST2, TRIM26, FADD, TRIM28, IFIT5, SERINC3, TRIM14, TRIM25, PRKD1, TLR1, IFI16, TKFC, COLEC12, SDHAF4, SUSD4, STYK1, SARM1, IL34, MAVS, SERINC5, NLRC5, IFNE, SIRT2, DEFB104A, CLEC4D, SEC14L1, ARHGEF2, MR1, PPP1R14B, ITCH, PGLYRP2, NR1H4, SRPK1, GPER1, MAP3K5, CNPY3, SPON2, POLR3C, TRIM62, LGR4, CLEC7A, TRIM8, CD244, TRIM4, TOLLIP, POLR3F, APOBEC3G, CD209, TREM1, IL1RAP, POLR3B, C1RL, DMBT1, APOBEC3B, TBK1, FBXO9, PYCARD, PADI4, TRIM35, POLR3K

GO:0045088

BP

regulation of innate immune response

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the innate immune response, the organism's first line of defense against infection.

FGR, IRF1, TIRAP, XIAP, BIRC3, TKFC, ERAP1, PTPN22, SAMHD1

GO:0045089

BP

positive regulation of innate immune response

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of the innate immune response, the organism's first line of defense against infection.

EREG, PLSCR1, POLR3G, COCH, MMP2, CCL5, CD1D, HMGB2, POLR3C, POLR3F, POLR3B

GO:0045091

BP

regulation of single stranded viral RNA replication via double stranded DNA intermediate

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of single stranded viral RNA replication via double stranded DNA intermediate.

CXCL8

GO:0045092

CC

interleukin-18 receptor complex

A protein complex that binds interleukin-18; comprises an alpha and a beta subunit.

TOLLIP

GO:0045095

CC

keratin filament

A filament composed of acidic and basic keratins (types I and II), typically expressed in epithelial cells. The keratins are the most diverse classes of IF proteins, with a large number of keratin isoforms being expressed. Each type of epithelium always expresses a characteristic combination of type I and type II keratins.

KRT1, KRT18, KRT8, KRT7, KRT3, KRT13, CSNK1A1, KRT80, FAM83H, FBF1, GPER1

GO:0045098

CC

type III intermediate filament

A type of intermediate filament, typically made up of one or more of the proteins vimentin, desmin, glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP), and peripherin. Unlike the keratins, the type III proteins can form both homo- and heteropolymeric IF filaments.

UPP2

GO:0045103

BP

intermediate filament-based process

Any cellular process that depends upon or alters the intermediate filament cytoskeleton, that part of the cytoskeleton comprising intermediate filaments and their associated proteins.

SYNC

GO:0045104

BP

intermediate filament cytoskeleton organization

A process that is carried out at the cellular level which results in the assembly, arrangement of constituent parts, or disassembly of cytoskeletal structures comprising intermediate filaments and their associated proteins.

TOR1A, RAF1, KRT18, KRT16, KRT3, CSNK1A1, ATXN3, DST, FAM83H

GO:0045109

BP

intermediate filament organization

Control of the spatial distribution of intermediate filaments; includes organizing filaments into meshworks, bundles, or other structures, as by cross-linking.

DNAJB6, VIM, DSP, DES, KRT9, AGFG1, KRT17, MTM1

GO:0045110

BP

intermediate filament bundle assembly

The formation of the bundles of intermediate filaments. Intermediate filament-associated proteins (IFAPs) cross-link intermediate filaments with one another, forming a bundle or a network, and with other cell structures, including the plasma membrane. The organization of intermediate filaments and their supportive function in various cells types depends in large part on their linkage to other cell structures via IFAPs.

PKP2

GO:0045111

CC

intermediate filament cytoskeleton

Cytoskeletal structure made from intermediate filaments, typically organized in the cytosol as an extended system that stretches from the nuclear envelope to the plasma membrane. Some intermediate filaments run parallel to the cell surface, while others traverse the cytosol; together they form an internal framework that helps support the shape and resilience of the cell.

TACC1, PSMD10, VIM, KRT13, DES, NES, CCT8, SMARCA2, FAAP100, NFATC4, PKN2, PHLDB2, XRN1, EIF1AD, NUP35, SYNE2, SEC62, OBFC1, MDN1, NFKBIL1, IP6K2, SAP30BP, STUB1, NSFL1C, ZNF175

GO:0045112

BP

integrin biosynthetic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of integrins, a large family of transmembrane proteins that act as receptors for cell-adhesion molecules.

COL5A1

GO:0045113

BP

regulation of integrin biosynthetic process

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of integrins.

S100A9