Search Geneontologies

Geneontologies

GO ID Ontology GO Term Term Definition Proteins

GO:0007338

BP

single fertilization

The union of male and female gametes to form a zygote.

UBXN8, DNALI1, CLGN, ADCY3, AR, CD46, HOXD10, HOXA10, GNPDA1, FOXL2, H3F3A, MFGE8, LRMP, SMAD4, TRPC3, SPA17, WDR48, TUBGCP3, SLIRP, KDM5B, FETUB, ADAM21, TRPC6

GO:0007339

BP

binding of sperm to zona pellucida

The process in which the sperm binds to the zona pellucida glycoprotein layer of the egg. The process begins with the attachment of the sperm plasma membrane to the zona pellucida and includes attachment of the acrosome inner membrane to the zona pellucida after the acrosomal reaction takes place.

CLGN, B4GALT1, TCP1, ZP3, SPAM1, CCT3, CCT8, ZP1, CCT2, SPA17, CCT7, FETUB, ADAM21

GO:0007340

BP

acrosome reaction

The discharge, by sperm, of a single, anterior secretory granule following the sperm's attachment to the zona pellucida surrounding the oocyte. The process begins with the fusion of the outer acrosomal membrane with the sperm plasma membrane and ends with the exocytosis of the acrosomal contents into the egg.

ADCY3, STX2, GLRB

GO:0007341

BP

penetration of zona pellucida

The infiltration by sperm of the zona pellucida to reach the oocyte. The process involves digestive enzymes from a modified lysosome called the acrosome, situated at the head of the sperm.

B4GALT1

GO:0007342

BP

fusion of sperm to egg plasma membrane

The binding and fusion of a sperm, having penetrated the zona pellucida, with the plasma membrane of the oocyte. Binding occurs at the posterior (post-acrosomal) region of the sperm head.

SERPINA5, CD9, SPAM1

GO:0007344

BP

pronuclear fusion

The merging of two pronuclei in a fertilized egg to fuse and produce a single zygotic genome.

CDK1

GO:0007346

BP

regulation of mitotic cell cycle

Any process that modulates the rate or extent of progress through the mitotic cell cycle.

SDCBP, DAPK3, CDC123, RB1, CKS2, RPA3, CDKN1C, ASCL1, PLK1, SIK1, CKS1B, PTCH1, ZNF268, MAEA, AFAP1L2, NEK7, GBF1, NEK6, CYLD, RPRM, THAP1, AATF, SAE1, FBXO5

GO:0007352

BP

zygotic specification of dorsal/ventral axis

The specification of the dorsal/ventral axis of the embryo, through the products of genes expressed in the zygote.

SMAD6, SMAD2

GO:0007354

BP

zygotic determination of anterior/posterior axis, embryo

The specification of the anterior/posterior axis of the embryo by products of genes expressed in the zygote; exemplified in insects by the gap genes, pair rule genes and segment polarity gene cascade.

PCSK6

GO:0007356

BP

thorax and anterior abdomen determination

Specification of the central (trunk) regions of the embryo by the gap genes; exemplified in insects by the actions of the Kruppel gene product.

WT1

GO:0007368

BP

determination of left/right symmetry

The establishment of an organism's body plan or part of an organism with respect to the left and right halves. The pattern can either be symmetric, such that the halves are mirror images, or asymmetric where the pattern deviates from this symmetry.

AXIN1, TBX1, PSKH1, ACVR2A, PCSK6, NOTCH1, ACVR1, AP1B1, PKD2, ACVR2B, STIL, ARMC4, NPHP3, NEK8, BBS7, DYNC2LI1, DNAH5, PCSK5, DNAH11, DISP1, IFT74, DRC1, PITX2, CITED2, BICC1, MKKS, MKS1, CC2D2A, DNAI1

GO:0007369

BP

gastrulation

A complex and coordinated series of cellular movements that occurs at the end of cleavage during embryonic development of most animals. The details of gastrulation vary from species to species, but usually result in the formation of the three primary germ layers, ectoderm, mesoderm and endoderm.

DLD, TGFBR2, HIRA, RPS6, RACK1, CUL3, SMAD2, EXT1, NR4A3

GO:0007379

BP

segment specification

The process in which segments assume individual identities; exemplified in insects by the actions of the products of the homeotic genes.

HOXA2, MTF2, MAFB

GO:0007386

BP

compartment pattern specification

The regionalization process in which embryonic segments are divided into compartments that will result in differences in cell differentiation.

NOTCH1

GO:0007389

BP

pattern specification process

Any developmental process that results in the creation of defined areas or spaces within an organism to which cells respond and eventually are instructed to differentiate.

MID1, TBX1, GLI2, APC, ZEB1, ZIC1, SOSTDC1, RNF111, SHROOM3, SYNGAP1

GO:0007398

BP

ectoderm development

The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the ectoderm over time, from its formation to the mature structure. In animal embryos, the ectoderm is the outer germ layer of the embryo, formed during gastrulation.

STX2, CTNNB1, NF2, BMPR1A, ZBTB17

GO:0007399

BP

nervous system development

The process whose specific outcome is the progression of nervous tissue over time, from its formation to its mature state.

DPYSL4, ENC1, TPP1, DCLK1, RBFOX2, ITM2A, ZEB2, GAS7, SHOX2, SCRG1, CSPG5, GDF11, FGF19, FOS, APOB, INHA, CHRM2, INHBA, FGF2, CXCL1, VEGFA, NDUFV2, CHRM3, MDK, GAL, CBLN1, BDNF, EPHB2, ADORA1, SDHA, STAT3, NBL1, GLRB, PPT1, SMARCA2, SMARCA4, EFNA5, ATXN3, NAGLU, DLX5, HDAC4, PRPS1, FGF12, DLG4, JAG1, SIM1, VLDLR, PURA, NDP, SLC7A5, NRG1, APBA1, NOTCH2, MEF2C, PCDH1, EP300, DLG1, LSAMP, GPM6B, SEMA5A, ARHGEF7, SIM2, DCTN1, HES1, ELAVL3, PPP2R5D, MEF2D, PAFAH1B3, ERBB4, MPPED2, DPYSL2, CTF1, ZNF423, TMEM41B, CPLX2, GPSM1, RBM45, SIAH1, CNTN4, CHERP, NLGN1, ARID1B, CSGALNACT1, PHF10, GPR98, MYLIP, ST8SIA4, DPF3, FGF13, FGF11, FGF14, SMARCC1, SMARCD1, HES6, MARK4, ATOH8, FEZ1, MTR, SIGMAR1, OLFM1, PCDHAC1, SDCBP2, SEMA6A, BEX1, HES4, NRN1, MBNL1, RBFOX1, STMN3, CRIM1, DOK5, CNTN3, MBD5, ATXN10, EVL, MYT1L, INTU, PCDHA7, PCDHA6, PCDHA4, ARHGAP26, IGSF9B, ITM2B, PCDHB3, PCDHA8, PCDHA5, PCDHA3, PCDHA2, PCDHA11, PCDHA10, PCDHA1, PCDHAC2, MAFB, BZW2

GO:0007400

BP

neuroblast fate determination

The cell fate determination process in which a cell becomes capable of differentiating autonomously into a neuroblast cell regardless of its environment; upon determination, the cell fate cannot be reversed. An example of this process is found in Mus musculus.

ASCL1

GO:0007403

BP

glial cell fate determination

The cell fate determination process in which a cell becomes capable of differentiating autonomously into a glial cell regardless of its environment; upon determination, the cell fate cannot be reversed.

CTNNB1

GO:0007405

BP

neuroblast proliferation

The expansion of a neuroblast population by cell division. A neuroblast is any cell that will divide and give rise to a neuron.

EML1, PLXNB2, ID4, ASCL1, KCNA1, DAGLB, FRS2, HHIP, RACGAP1, NDE1

GO:0007406

BP

negative regulation of neuroblast proliferation

Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of the proliferation of neuroblasts.

TGFB1, CTNNA1, KCTD11

GO:0007409

BP

axonogenesis

De novo generation of a long process of a neuron, that carries efferent (outgoing) action potentials from the cell body towards target cells. Refers to the morphogenesis or creation of shape or form of the developing axon.

APBB1, PAK3, FLOT1, ECM2, S100B, APP, CCK, S100A6, CNP, BCL2, NEFH, DRD2, STMN1, OGN, FGFR2, CTNNA2, NOTCH1, NUMB, GSK3B, PTPN11, FMOD, ANK3, PICALM, STK11, PLPPR4, SLITRK4, CNTN4, PARD3, NRCAM, DOCK7, ALS2, EPYC, PARD6B, SPTBN4, SEMA4A, SPAST

GO:0007411

BP

axon guidance

The chemotaxis process that directs the migration of an axon growth cone to a specific target site in response to a combination of attractive and repulsive cues.

MATN2, CHL1, NRP1, FLRT2, SIAH2, B4GAT1, KIF5C, NRP2, RPS6KA5, KLF7, SLIT2, UNC5C, NRAS, KRAS, NTRK1, FYN, CSF1R, NGFR, GLI2, GLI3, NCAM1, EZR, CREB1, EFNA1, ANOS1, BDNF, LAMA2, MAPK3, MAPK1, EPHB2, OTX2, GPC1, WNT5A, NKX2-1, CXCL12, LHX2, ETV1, EFNA4, EFNB2, EFNA5, EPHA5, EPHB1, DLX5, WNT3, TGFB2, GRB2, RAC1, SPTBN1, PRKCQ, PTK2, SOS1, ANK3, SEMA3B, SMAD4, TUBB3, SEMA3A, NECTIN1, EXT1, DPYSL2, PTPRO, ZNF280D, ZNF280B, SIAH1, CNTN4, ENAH, NR4A3, TNR, APBB2, ROBO3, RANBP9, FEZ1, SEMA3C, SPON2, SPTBN4, SEMA6A, NTN4, ROBO2, B3GNT2, FLRT3, EVL, NRXN1, MAPK8IP3

GO:0007412

BP

axon target recognition

The process in which an axon recognizes and binds to a set of cells with which it may form stable connections.

UCHL1, STXBP1

GO:0007413

BP

axonal fasciculation

The collection of axons into a bundle of rods, known as a fascicle.

NRP1, NCAM2, CNR1, EPHB2, SEMA5A, SEMA3A, CNTN4, NRCAM, CRTAC1, RTN4, CELSR3

GO:0007416

BP

synapse assembly

The aggregation, arrangement and bonding together of a set of components to form a synapse.

RAB29, GNPAT, DRD2, BDNF, PTEN, CDK5, NRG1, SDK2, SDK1, NLGN1, DNER, SPOCK2, NRCAM, ADGRL3, FLRT3, NRXN1, PLXND1, FARP1, PCDHB9, PCDHB3, PCDHB14, PCLO

GO:0007417

BP

central nervous system development

The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the central nervous system over time, from its formation to the mature structure. The central nervous system is the core nervous system that serves an integrating and coordinating function. In vertebrates it consists of the brain and spinal cord. In those invertebrates with a central nervous system it typically consists of a brain, cerebral ganglia and a nerve cord.

RNF103, NCAN, TPP1, DCLK1, PARK2, ADAM23, VNN1, S100B, FYN, LYN, GSTP1, HAPLN1, VCAN, ARSB, TIMP2, PAM, MAL, COX7B, ACVR1B, ZEB1, CSK, NES, ALDH3A2, RCAN1, ATN1, PTEN, ID3, ZBTB16, PAX8, STK4, ASIC2, CASZ1, ANKLE2, AHI1, DNER, NRCAM, BCAN, SERPINI1, NPAS2, SH3GL2, B3GNT5, WWP1, ELP3, ROBO2, PDGFC, VNN3, CHD7, HPCAL4, JRKL

GO:0007418

BP

ventral midline development

The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the ventral midline over time, from its formation to the mature structure. In protostomes (such as insects, snails and worms) as well as deuterostomes (vertebrates), the midline is an embryonic region that functions in patterning of the adjacent nervous tissue. The ventral midline in insects is a cell population extending along the ventral surface of the embryo and is the region from which cells detach to form the ventrally located nerve cords. In vertebrates, the midline is originally located dorsally. During development, it folds inwards and becomes the ventral part of the dorsally located neural tube and is then called the ventral midline, or floor plate.

GLI2

GO:0007420

BP

brain development

The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the brain over time, from its formation to the mature structure. Brain development begins with patterning events in the neural tube and ends with the mature structure that is the center of thought and emotion. The brain is responsible for the coordination and control of bodily activities and the interpretation of information from the senses (sight, hearing, smell, etc.).

MACROD2, EML1, KCNK3, PLXNB2, PHGDH, NDUFS4, BCL2L11, TSPAN2, CTNND1, TULP3, CLN5, UNC5C, MBD3, CST3, APOD, SCT, EGR2, BCR, XRCC5, STMN1, ARF4, EPOR, ATP2B1, S1PR1, SYT1, CD9, PTPRG, FAS, MT3, CD27, AK4, SMARCA1, GABRA5, TGFBR2, ID1, CSK, NKX2-1, NES, STAR, SEPP1, AGTR2, HNMT, PPT1, BRCA2, AFF2, HRSP12, FOXG1, OXCT1, BID, ATP6V0D1, PAFAH1B2, PRKDC, H3F3A, HMGCS1, PTPN11, DLX2, FOXC1, ABR, PTCH1, SHROOM2, BMPR2, COX17, POU6F1, RAB3GAP1, PAFAH1B3, ZFHX3, ZIC1, PFKFB3, NIPBL, CNTN4, BBS7, TMEM57, PCDH19, PROX1, CITED1, PYGO2, CADM1, B3GNT5, ZNF335, ROBO2, CHD8, PCDH18, ABCB6, DDIT4, SPHK1, H2AFY2, CDH22, NDRG4, BOK, SLC7A11, IRS2, ADGRG1

GO:0007422

BP

peripheral nervous system development

The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the peripheral nervous system over time, from its formation to the mature structure. The peripheral nervous system is one of the two major divisions of the nervous system. Nerves in the PNS connect the central nervous system (CNS) with sensory organs, other organs, muscles, blood vessels and glands.

ERBB2, EGR2, ERBB3, ALDH3A2, SOX8, PMP22, NRG1, EGR3, ASIC2, SERPINI1

GO:0007423

BP

sensory organ development

The process whose specific outcome is the progression of sensory organs over time, from its formation to the mature structure.

MAFB

GO:0007431

BP

salivary gland development

The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the salivary gland over time, from its formation to the mature structure. Salivary glands include any of the saliva-secreting exocrine glands of the oral cavity.

CST3

GO:0007435

BP

salivary gland morphogenesis

The process in which the anatomical structures of the salivary gland are generated and organized.

EGFR, TGFB1, TGFB2

GO:0007440

BP

foregut morphogenesis

The process in which the anatomical structures of the foregut are generated and organized.

NOTCH1

GO:0007442

BP

hindgut morphogenesis

The process in which the anatomical structures of the hindgut are generated and organized.

GLI2, GLI3, WNT5A

GO:0007492

BP

endoderm development

The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the endoderm over time, from its formation to the mature structure. The endoderm is the innermost germ layer that develops into the gastrointestinal tract, the lungs and associated tissues.

TGFB1, LAMC1, GATA4, NKX2-1, NOTCH1, SMAD3, HHEX, SMAD4, EXT1, ARC, MED12

GO:0007493

BP

endodermal cell fate determination

The cell fate determination process in which a cell becomes capable of differentiating autonomously into an endoderm cell regardless of its environment; upon determination, the cell fate cannot be reversed.

GATA6, SOX17

GO:0007494

BP

midgut development

The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the midgut over time, from its formation to the mature structure. The midgut is the middle part of the alimentary canal from the stomach, or entrance of the bile duct, to, or including, the large intestine.

DAB1, ALDH1A2, EGFR, ASS1, WNT5A

GO:0007498

BP

mesoderm development

The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the mesoderm over time, from its formation to the mature structure. The mesoderm is the middle germ layer that develops into muscle, bone, cartilage, blood and connective tissue.

TBX1, JAK2, GDF11, CTDNEP1, ETS2, VEGFA, ACVR2A, TIE1, LHX2, IRX3, TCF15, IKZF1, SMAD4, ACVR2B, EXT1, MEST, SECTM1

GO:0007500

BP

mesodermal cell fate determination

The cell fate determination process in which a cell becomes capable of differentiating autonomously into a mesoderm cell regardless of its environment; upon determination, the cell fate cannot be reversed.

KLF4, BMP4

GO:0007501

BP

mesodermal cell fate specification

The cell fate determination process in which a cell becomes capable of differentiating autonomously into a mesoderm cell in an environment that is neutral with respect to the developmental pathway; upon specification, the cell fate can be reversed.

EYA2

GO:0007506

BP

gonadal mesoderm development

The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the gonadal mesoderm over time, from its formation to the mature structure. The gonadal mesoderm is the middle layer of the three primary germ layers of the embryo which will go on to form the gonads of the organism.

AMH, ZFPM2

GO:0007507

BP

heart development

The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the heart over time, from its formation to the mature structure. The heart is a hollow, muscular organ, which, by contracting rhythmically, keeps up the circulation of the blood.

SH3PXD2B, TBX1, SHOX2, MICAL2, HEXIM1, FGF19, MBD3, PDGFB, TGFB1, COL3A1, RBP4, RAF1, ERBB2, EDN1, TH, SPARC, GLI2, GLI3, MTHFD1, PSKH1, PCNA, BMP2, TDGF1, GYS1, GJA1, PAM, EPOR, TNNI3, WT1, ERBB3, EDNRA, ITGA3, CAD, LOX, GNA11, OXTR, SRI, ADM, FBN1, TGFBR1, TGFBR2, PPARG, ID1, ECE1, CRKL, NOTCH1, TSC2, GNAQ, OXCT1, PTEN, FGF12, TGFB2, CXADR, PRKDC, PKD1, MEF2A, ID3, MAP2K1, TEK, PPARD, PTPN11, MEF2C, SOX4, ZFP36L1, PPARA, EP300, AP1B1, AKAP13, FOXC1, MAP2K5, GAB1, PKD2, ACVR2B, CACNA1C, COX17, POU6F1, NFATC4, ERBB4, RPS6KA2, ARMC4, JMJD6, NEK8, ADIPOR2, BVES, OSR1, RB1CC1, DNAH5, PCSK5, MED12, DNAH11, IFT74, DRC1, PKP2, CITED2, HOPX, TCF25, ADAM19, BICC1, ADAP2, MKKS, FLRT3, CC2D2A, TRPS1, HDAC9, HSPB11

GO:0007512

BP

adult heart development

The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the adult heart over time, from its formation to the mature structure.

BMP10, GJA1, ADRA1A, MEF2D, SCUBE1, CHD7

GO:0007517

BP

muscle organ development

The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the muscle over time, from its formation to the mature structure. The muscle is an organ consisting of a tissue made up of various elongated cells that are specialized to contract and thus to produce movement and mechanical work.

CHD2, MSTN, TBX1, USP2, CRYAB, IGF1, DMD, COL6A3, XBP1, CAPN3, LAMA2, SRI, SOX6, CENPF, EMD, ETV1, FXR1, SMTN, EVC, FOXK1, FOXO4, TAGLN, MEF2A, ID3, CD164, MEF2C, EGR3, FHL1, MEF2D, POU6F1, TEAD4, TWIST1, ZFHX3, SGCB, CTF1, KMT5B, AEBP1, EID2, BVES, SGCD, SGCZ, HBEGF, TCF12, CHODL, ITGA11, MKL2, PAXBP1

GO:0007518

BP

myoblast fate determination

The cell fate determination process in which a cell becomes capable of differentiating autonomously into a myoblast regardless of its environment; upon determination, the cell fate cannot be reversed. A myoblast is a mononucleate cell type that, by fusion with other myoblasts, gives rise to the myotubes that eventually develop into skeletal muscle fibers.

IFRD1

GO:0007519

BP

skeletal muscle tissue development

The developmental sequence of events leading to the formation of adult skeletal muscle tissue. The main events are: the fusion of myoblasts to form myotubes that increase in size by further fusion to them of myoblasts, the formation of myofibrils within their cytoplasm and the establishment of functional neuromuscular junctions with motor neurons. At this stage they can be regarded as mature muscle fibers.

FOXP2, CFLAR, CCNT2, SIN3B, FLNB, DCN, MYL6B, NR2F2, HOXD10, MYL6, CDK5, CAV1, MEF2C, EP300, MAPK14, BVES

GO:0007520

BP

myoblast fusion

A process in which non-proliferating myoblasts fuse to existing fibers or to myotubes to form new fibers. A myoblast is a mononucleate cell type that, by fusion with other myoblasts, gives rise to the myotubes that eventually develop into skeletal muscle fibers.

ADAM12, MYH9, GSK3B, PLEKHO1, PITX2

GO:0007521

BP

muscle cell fate determination

The cell fate determination process in which a cell becomes capable of differentiating autonomously into a muscle cell regardless of its environment; upon determination, the cell fate cannot be reversed.

MEF2C

GO:0007528

BP

neuromuscular junction development

A process that is carried out at the cellular level which results in the assembly, arrangement of constituent parts, or disassembly of a neuromuscular junction.

MUSK, NRDC, ERBB2, TNC, CACNB3, ANK3, NTRK2, ALS2, PDZRN3

GO:0007529

BP

establishment of synaptic specificity at neuromuscular junction

The biological process in which a synapse between a motor neuron and a muscle is initially formed.

F2R

GO:0007530

BP

sex determination

Any process that establishes and transmits the specification of sexual status of an individual organism.

TCF21, AMH, SRD5A1, WT1, CITED2

GO:0007548

BP

sex differentiation

The establishment of the sex of an organism by physical differentiation.

AMH, CYP17A1, AR, PBX1, AMHR2

GO:0007549

BP

dosage compensation

Compensating for the two-fold variation in X:autosome chromosome ratios between sexes by a global activation or inactivation of all, or most of, genes on one or both of the X chromosomes.

H2AFY, H2AFY2

GO:0007565

BP

female pregnancy

The set of physiological processes that allow an embryo or foetus to develop within the body of a female animal. It covers the time from fertilization of a female ovum by a male spermatozoon until birth.

CLDN4, AGT, FOS, TGFB1, GNRH1, FSHB, PRL, AMBP, STS, BCL2, UMPS, PTHLH, ETS1, FOSL1, HPGD, ITGA2, IGFBP2, COMT, IGFBP5, CAD, OXTR, ADM, LEP, NAMPT, PGF, STAT5B, FOSB, UCP2, HSD11B2, DHODH, COL16A1, PSG7, PAPPA, PSG3, HFE, ADIPOR2, UPRT, TEAD3, EPYC, CLIC5, LNPEP, MAGED2

GO:0007566

BP

embryo implantation

Attachment of the blastocyst to the uterine lining.

STC2, RECK, CST3, IL1B, MMP2, SPP1, MMP9, LIF, PRLR, FBLN1, PTGS2, BSG, TGFBR2, RPL29, STC1, EMP2, NLRP5, H3F3A, FKBP4, PPARD, DDR1, TRIM28, IGFBP7, PTGIS, PCSK5, VMP1

GO:0007567

BP

parturition

The reproductive process in which the parent is separated from its offspring either by giving birth to live young or by laying eggs.

HPGD, PTAFR, PTGFR, NRK, MAFF, PLA2G4C

GO:0007568

BP

aging

A developmental process that is a deterioration and loss of function over time. Aging includes loss of functions such as resistance to disease, homeostasis, and fertility, as well as wear and tear. Aging includes cellular senescence, but is more inclusive. May precede death and may succeed developmental maturation (GO:0021700).

FOXO3, MBD3, ADA, ASS1, AGT, TIMP1, FOS, TGFB1, GNRH1, PENK, COL3A1, CRYAB, AMH, HMGCR, NTRK1, CYP1A1, TYMS, APOD, ITGB2, SERPING1, MPO, EIF2S1, IL6, JUN, DCN, KRT16, IGFBP1, CNP, DLD, CCL2, EEF2, ENO3, ADRB3, NQO1, TIMP2, CREB1, JUND, IGFBP2, ERCC2, VCAM1, ATP2B1, TNFRSF1B, CNR1, IL10, IGFBP5, CANX, CTGF, TSPO, AKT1, CTNNA1, ADM, ADRA1A, PCK1, NUDT1, SERPINF1, SREBF1, TGFBR2, SNCA, STAT3, GCLC, GCLM, NPY2R, CDKN1C, IRAK1, CTSC, POLG, SLC12A2, CASP9, FOXG1, UCP2, UCP3, PTEN, GRB2, ABAT, HAMP, FOXO4, RELA, PDE4D, EIF2B5, RGN, NPY5R, NAPEPLD, TPRA1, CARM1, AURKB, LITAF, CACYBP, RETN, GLRX2, PPARGC1A, KL, AMFR, TRPC6, LOXL2

GO:0007569

BP

cell aging

An aging process that has as participant a cell after a cell has stopped dividing. Cell aging may occur when a cell has temporarily stopped dividing through cell cycle arrest (GO:0007050) or when a cell has permanently stopped dividing, in which case it is undergoing cellular senescence (GO:0090398). May precede cell death (GO:0008219) and succeed cell maturation (GO:0048469).

BGLAP, TP53, ICAM1, CDK1, NPM1, BCL2, MIF, NUP62, LIMS1, BRCA2, ILK, MORC3, PDCD4, MNT, NOX4, ZMIZ1

GO:0007584

BP

response to nutrient

Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a nutrient stimulus.

TNFRSF11B, GNPAT, OGT, ENSA, ACSL4, ABCA1, LDHA, ASS1, SERPINC1, APOA1, HMGCR, CYBB, GNAI2, ERCC1, NQO1, ARSB, IGFBP2, VCAM1, CNR1, AHCY, ADSL, SSTR1, ACSL1, HMGCL, TGFBR2, PPARG, AKR1C3, GCLC, GCLM, STAR, OXCT1, UCP3, PTEN, DAD1, HSF1, ADIPOQ, SLC27A4, AACS, ADIPOR2, TXN2, ABCG8, LIPG

GO:0007585

BP

respiratory gaseous exchange

The process of gaseous exchange between an organism and its environment. In plants, microorganisms, and many small animals, air or water makes direct contact with the organism's cells or tissue fluids, and the processes of diffusion supply the organism with dioxygen (O2) and remove carbon dioxide (CO2). In larger animals the efficiency of gaseous exchange is improved by specialized respiratory organs, such as lungs and gills, which are ventilated by breathing mechanisms.

EDN1, BPGM, COX5B, SFTPC, CFTR, EDNRA, HNMT, NDST1, UCP3, FUT8, CHST11, DACH1, MAPK8IP3, MAFB, COX11

GO:0007586

BP

digestion

The whole of the physical, chemical, and biochemical processes carried out by multicellular organisms to break down ingested nutrients into components that may be easily absorbed and directed into metabolism.

PRSS1, AMY2B, SSTR1, CCKBR, PRSS3, NMU, AKR1C2, AKR1C1, SULT2A1, CTRB2, PPARGC1A

GO:0007588

BP

excretion

The elimination by an organism of the waste products that arise as a result of metabolic activity. These products include water, carbon dioxide (CO2), and nitrogenous compounds.

NPHP1, AQP9, NFAT5, HMOX1, ADORA2B, AVPR2, AQP2, SCNN1G, CLCN5, CLCNKA, CLCNKB, AQP3, SLC22A18, NEDD4L, ABCG8, GRHPR

GO:0007589

BP

body fluid secretion

The controlled release of a fluid by a cell or tissue in an animal.

EDN1, ANXA2, NPPB, GUCA1B

GO:0007595

BP

lactation

The secretion of milk by the mammary gland.

SERPINC1, PRL, RPLP0, APRT, UMPS, VDR, VEGFA, CREB1, PRLR, PAM, CAD, OXTR, STAT5A, XDH, STAT5B, DHODH, CAV1, PPAT, DDR1, ERBB4, NCOA1, USF2, HIF1A, CDO1, GPAT4, UPRT, SLC29A1, APLN

GO:0007596

BP

blood coagulation

The sequential process in which the multiple coagulation factors of the blood interact, ultimately resulting in the formation of an insoluble fibrin clot; it may be divided into three stages: stage 1, the formation of intrinsic and extrinsic prothrombin converting principle; stage 2, the formation of thrombin; stage 3, the formation of stable fibrin polymers.

MAFG, RAD51C, AKAP10, KDM1A, JAK2, MFN2, PAPSS2, F8, F13A1, F2, PLG, PLAU, PLAT, SERPINC1, SERPINA1, IFNA1 , COL1A1, FGA, FGB, FGG, VWF, IFNA16, ITGB3, SERPINA5, F13B, FYN, SERPINE2, LYN, COL1A2, ANXA5, PRKAR1A, TFPI, IRF1, F5, GP1BB, PRKAR2A, CD36, ITGA2, PRKACA, RAB5A, F2R, PRKAR2B, GGCX, GATA4, CBX5, CAPZB, TFPI2, GNAQ, RAB27A, CAPZA1, F2RL1, CDC42, RAC1, HIST1H3D, HBB, HBG1, H3F3A, GNA12, PLAUR, MMRN1, HDAC1, ITPK1, JMJD1C, ANO6, DOCK11, LRRC16A, SCUBE1, CD177, DOCK8, ZFPM2, AKAP1, HDAC2, GATA6, DOCK6, CPB2, P2RX4, VKORC1, LNP, PDGFD, HPS4, PDGFC, SH2B1, EHD3, HMG20B, AK3, BLOC1S6, MAFF, PROCR, SH2B3, ENPP4

GO:0007597

BP

blood coagulation, intrinsic pathway

A protein activation cascade that contributes to blood coagulation and consists of the interactions among high molecular weight kininogen, prekallikrein, and factor XII that lead to the activation of clotting factor X.

F8, F2, A2M, KNG1, APOH, VWF, SERPING1, GP1BB, C1QBP

GO:0007598

BP

blood coagulation, extrinsic pathway

A protein activation cascade that contributes to blood coagulation and consists of the self-limited process linking exposure and activation of tissue factor to the activation of clotting factor X.

TFPI

GO:0007599

BP

hemostasis

The stopping of bleeding (loss of body fluid) or the arrest of the circulation to an organ or part.

VWF, GPI, AVPR2, HPS4

GO:0007600

BP

sensory perception

The series of events required for an organism to receive a sensory stimulus, convert it to a molecular signal, and recognize and characterize the signal. This is a neurological process.

PENK, CCKBR, OPRL1, ASIC3, TRPV2

GO:0007601

BP

visual perception

The series of events required for an organism to receive a visual stimulus, convert it to a molecular signal, and recognize and characterize the signal. Visual stimuli are detected in the form of photons and are processed to form an image.

GRM8, ABLIM1, PDE6D, OPA1, AOC2, RP2, DHRS3, BEST1, EYA4, EML2, GUCA1C, COL1A1, RBP4, OPN1SW, TH, COL11A1, TYR, ATF6, PDC, CHM, CNGA1, MIP, TIMP3, GJC1, COL18A1, GLRB, PPT1, LUM, RABGGTB, PITPNA, NDP, GUCY2D, CRYZ, EFEMP1, PDCL, UNC119, TGFBI, CYP1B1, FAM161A, SFRP5, DRAM2, CYP4V2, BBS7, RDH10, ZNF513, BBS1, WDR36, BBS10, GPR98, RPGR, HPS1, DNAJC19, EPAS1, BBS2, MKKS, DLL4, CLN6, SPATA7, NOB1, GUCA1B, SLC45A2, MYO5A, OCLM, LAMC3

GO:0007602

BP

phototransduction

The sequence of reactions within a cell required to convert absorbed photons into a molecular signal.

OPN1SW, PDC, UNC119, TRPC3, ASIC2, CDS1, OPN3, PLEKHB1, GUCA1B

GO:0007603

BP

phototransduction, visible light

The sequence of reactions within a cell required to convert absorbed photons from visible light into a molecular signal. A visible light stimulus is electromagnetic radiation that can be perceived visually by an organism; for organisms lacking a visual system, this can be defined as light with a wavelength within the range 380 to 780 nm.

GNA11, GNAQ

GO:0007605

BP

sensory perception of sound

The series of events required for an organism to receive an auditory stimulus, convert it to a molecular signal, and recognize and characterize the signal. Sonic stimuli are detected in the form of vibrations and are processed to form a sound.

SOBP, COCH, TBX1, ATP8B1, SPRY2, SNAI2, TBL1X, WDR1, TECTA, LRIG2, EYA4, EML2, COL1A1, ICAM1, TH, GPX1, FGFR1, COL11A1, COL11A2, GABRA5, SLC1A3, CDKN1B, ALDH7A1, HOXA1, RPL38, NDP, COL4A3, TJP1, ASIC2, NIPBL, USP53, PGAP1, NAV2, CCDC50, CEMIP, GPR98, LRIG1, FAM107B, SPTBN4, SLC52A3, CLIC5, CHD7, DCDC2, FZD4, MYO6, FAM65B

GO:0007606

BP

sensory perception of chemical stimulus

The series of events required for an organism to receive a sensory chemical stimulus, convert it to a molecular signal, and recognize and characterize the signal. This is a neurological process.

C5AR1, GNAS, GNAS

GO:0007608

BP

sensory perception of smell

The series of events required for an organism to receive an olfactory stimulus, convert it to a molecular signal, and recognize and characterize the signal. Olfaction involves the detection of chemical composition of an organism's ambient medium by chemoreceptors. This is a neurological process.

GRM8, NCAM2, ADCY3, DRD2, UBR3, NAV2, OR2A5, MKKS, B3GNT2

GO:0007610

BP

behavior

The internally coordinated responses (actions or inactions) of whole living organisms (individuals or groups) to internal or external stimuli.

CCL3, HTR2B, TRMT1L

GO:0007611

BP

learning or memory

The acquisition and processing of information and/or the storage and retrieval of this information over time.

EGFR, PRNP, S100B, NTRK1, GPI, THRA, EGR2, GM2A, SLC11A2, AFF2, PTEN, MEF2C, GRIN2A, AMFR

GO:0007612

BP

learning

Any process in an organism in which a relatively long-lasting adaptive behavioral change occurs as the result of experience.

UBA6, SYNJ1, PARK2, JUN, FYN, TH, FOSL1, ARF4, COMT, EPHB2, SLC6A1, PRKAR2B, PTGS2, DLG4, NTRK2, ARC, NLGN4X, ATAD1, FGF13, PAK7, EIF2AK4, NRXN1

GO:0007613

BP

memory

The activities involved in the mental information processing system that receives (registers), modifies, stores, and retrieves informational stimuli. The main stages involved in the formation and retrieval of memory are encoding (processing of received information by acquisition), storage (building a permanent record of received information as a result of consolidation) and retrieval (calling back the stored information and use it in a suitable way to execute a given task).

MUSK, S100B, TH, ITGA5, NQO2, CREB1, CEBPB, CNR1, ITGA3, OXTR, PTGS2, HRH1, CHRNA7, FEN1, PSEN1, PTEN, VLDLR, GRIN2A, EIF4EBP2, ITPR3, ATAD1, FGF13, PAIP2, PLCB1, PLK2, PAK7, KMT2B

GO:0007614

BP

short-term memory

The memory process that deals with the storage, retrieval and modification of information received a short time (up to about 30 minutes) ago. This type of memory is typically dependent on direct, transient effects of second messenger activation.

MDK, COMT, SERPINF1

GO:0007616

BP

long-term memory

The memory process that deals with the storage, retrieval and modification of information a long time (typically weeks, months or years) after receiving that information. This type of memory is typically dependent on gene transcription regulated by second messenger activation.

DRD2, CPEB3, BTBD9, EIF2AK4

GO:0007617

BP

mating behavior

The behavioral interactions between organisms for the purpose of mating, or sexual reproduction resulting in the formation of zygotes.

APP, TH, MTNR1A, MAPK8IP2

GO:0007620

BP

copulation

The act of sexual union between male and female, involving the transfer of sperm.

ABAT

GO:0007622

BP

rhythmic behavior

The specific behavior of an organism that recur with measured regularity.

EGR2

GO:0007623

BP

circadian rhythm

Any biological process in an organism that recurs with a regularity of approximately 24 hours.

AGRP, ARNTL, CLDN4, HDAC3, PER1, PAX4, HNRNPR, NCOR1, EGFR, NTRK1, TYMS, SERPINE1, JUN, TOP1, CDK4, CREB1, JUND, NR1D1, FAS, HTR7, SREBF1, ID1, LEP, NAMPT, ID4, MTNR1A, NRIP1, MTNR1B, GSK3B, CPT1A, ID3, EGR3, EP300, KLF10, KLF9, NONO, ADIPOQ, NTRK2, NFIL3, SETX, TPH2, ARNTL2, PROX1, NPAS2, RBM4B, PPARGC1A, NOCT, TIMELESS, THRAP3

GO:0007625

BP

grooming behavior

The specific behavior of an organism relating to grooming, cleaning and brushing to remove dirt and parasites.

APRT, DRD2, PPT1

GO:0007626

BP

locomotory behavior

The specific movement from place to place of an organism in response to external or internal stimuli. Locomotion of a whole organism in a manner dependent upon some combination of that organism's internal state and external conditions.

UBA6, SOBP, MEIS1, GRM6, APP, TH, GAA, DRD2, TAL1, NPY1R, HTR2C, ETV5, NKX2-1, ALDH1A3, NPY2R, SEPP1, NOVA1, PTEN, SNAP25, ABAT, NRG1, APBA1, SLC18A2, NAV2, RASD2, ALS2, ANKH, GPRC5B, PAK7

GO:0007628

BP

adult walking behavior

The behavior of an adult relating to the progression of that organism along the ground by the process of lifting and setting down each leg.

NPC1, DAB1, UCHL1, MAPT, DRD2, TRH, GLRB, EPHA4, ZIC1, FXN, ABHD12, OXR1, SPTBN4, HIPK2, CHD7

GO:0007631

BP

feeding behavior

Behavior associated with the intake of food.

AGRP, GCG, FYN, DRD2, GAL, NPY1R, HTR2C, CCKBR, MC4R, NPY2R, NPY5R, NTRK2, GIGYF2, MRAP2

GO:0007632

BP

visual behavior

The behavior of an organism in response to a visual stimulus.

NPHP1, SLC1A2

GO:0007634

BP

optokinetic behavior

The behavior of an organism pertaining to movement of the eyes and of objects in the visual field, as in nystagmus.

HOXA1

GO:0007635

BP

chemosensory behavior

Behavior that is dependent upon the sensation of chemicals.

TRPV1

GO:0007638

BP

mechanosensory behavior

Behavior that is dependent upon the sensation of a mechanical stimulus.

ETV1, STRBP

GO:0008009

MF

chemokine activity

The function of a family of small chemotactic cytokines; their name is derived from their ability to induce directed chemotaxis in nearby responsive cells. All chemokines possess a number of conserved cysteine residues involved in intramolecular disulfide bond formation. Some chemokines are considered pro-inflammatory and can be induced during an immune response to recruit cells of the immune system to a site of infection, while others are considered homeostatic and are involved in controlling the migration of cells during normal processes of tissue maintenance or development. Chemokines are found in all vertebrates, some viruses and some bacteria.

CXCL14, PPBP, PF4, CXCL1, CXCL8, CCL3, CCL4, CCL2, CCL5, CXCL2, CXCL5, CXCL12, CCL20, CCL8, CXCL6, CXCL16, CKLF

GO:0008013

MF

beta-catenin binding

Interacting selectively and non-covalently with the beta subunit of the catenin complex.

TAX1BP3, SMAD7, AXIN1, KLF4, FOXO3, PARK2, TBL1X, ESR1, GLI3, AR, CDH2, APC, CDH5, CTNNA1, RORA, NR4A2, SOX9, NUMB, PSEN1, GSK3B, SKP1, CXADR, SMAD3, FOXO4, EP300, FOXO1, PTPRJ, SHROOM2, KANK1, PTPRK, CARM1, DLG5, LZIC, MED12, DACT3, TBL1XR1, SOX17, CHD8, TCF7L1, TCF7L2, DACT1, ASH2L, HDAC6, SUFU, BTRC

GO:0008015

BP

blood circulation

The flow of blood through the body of an animal, enabling the transport of nutrients to the tissues and the removal of waste products.

TBC1D8, CYB5R3, SERPING1, F5, NPY1R, PLN, HTR7, ADM, MTHFR, CXCL12, RCAN1, OLR1, COL4A3, DLL4, CHD7

GO:0008016

BP

regulation of heart contraction

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of heart contraction. Heart contraction is the process in which the heart decreases in volume in a characteristic way to propel blood through the body.

FXYD1, CELF2, TH, CHRM2, TPM1, THRA, DES, PLN, SRI, DMPK, CAMK2D, KCNJ12, HBEGF, HOPX, KCNIP2

GO:0008017

MF

microtubule binding

Interacting selectively and non-covalently with microtubules, filaments composed of tubulin monomers.

EML1, KRIT1, DYNC1I1, MID1, BIRC5, BCL2L11, PRC1, ZNF207, KIF1C, KIF5C, OPA1, KIF1B, PEX14, TPPP, KIF20A, KIF4A, VAPB, EML2, CRYAB, PRNP, GAPDH, S100A8, S100A9, MAPT, MAP2, NEFH, TPT1, EZR, APC, CLIP1, SNCA, LRPPRC, MAP1B, KIF11, PLK1, GABARAPL2, RAB11A, RAE1, MAP1A, CENPE, KIF23, FMR1, GOLGA2, TIAM1, KIF22, CHD4, FAM175B, KIF14, CNN3, MAPRE2, DPYSL2, CCDC88A, CAMSAP1, SAXO2, MAST2, KLC3, PSRC1, HOOK3, GAS2L3, CEP57, KIF18B, KIF18A, MDM1, SKA2, NDRG1, FGF13, ARHGEF2, JAKMIP2, SKA1, MARK4, KIF20B, CHP1, KATNB1, KIFC1, KATNAL1, NUSAP1, NDEL1, MAP1LC3B, RACGAP1, MAP1LC3A, FAM83D, REEP1, TRPV4, EML4, KIF13B, KIF15, SYBU, NDE1, CRIPT, VAPA, STARD9, UXT, HDAC6, SPAST, SUN2, MACF1, MAPRE3, LZTS1, SBDS, HDGFRP3, KIF3A

GO:0008020

MF

G-protein coupled photoreceptor activity

Combining with incidental electromagnetic radiation, particularly visible light, and transmitting the signal across the membrane by activating an associated G-protein; promotes the exchange of GDP for GTP on the alpha subunit of a heterotrimeric G-protein complex.

OPN1SW, ELOVL4, OPN3

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