GO:0006941

BP

striated muscle contraction

A process in which force is generated within striated muscle tissue, resulting in the shortening of the muscle. Force generation involves a chemo-mechanical energy conversion step that is carried out by the actin/myosin complex activity, which generates force through ATP hydrolysis. Striated muscle is a type of muscle in which the repeating units (sarcomeres) of the contractile myofibrils are arranged in registry throughout the cell, resulting in transverse or oblique striations observable at the level of the light microscope.

ALDOA, TTN, DTNA

GO:0006942

BP

regulation of striated muscle contraction

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of striated muscle contraction.

SRI, ATP1A2

GO:0006948

BP

induction by virus of host cell-cell fusion

The process of syncytia-forming cell-cell fusion, caused by a virus.

CD4

GO:0006949

BP

syncytium formation

The formation of a syncytium, a mass of cytoplasm containing several nuclei enclosed within a single plasma membrane. Syncytia are normally derived from single cells that fuse or fail to complete cell division.

ERCC1, ERVW-1

GO:0006950

BP

response to stress

Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a disturbance in organismal or cellular homeostasis, usually, but not necessarily, exogenous (e.g. temperature, humidity, ionizing radiation).

MAPK13, GADD45B, GADD45G, EGFR, NPM1, AKR1B1, ATF6, MAPK1, STIP1, EIF1, MAPK8, MAPK9, MAPKAPK2, PRKAA2, SQSTM1, JADE1, MINK1, TP53INP1, SGK3, OMA1, SMG1, PINK1, ZAK, ERRFI1, TAOK2, NDRG4, HILPDA, DUSP10

GO:0006952

BP

defense response

Reactions, triggered in response to the presence of a foreign body or the occurrence of an injury, which result in restriction of damage to the organism attacked or prevention/recovery from the infection caused by the attack.

SOCS6, HP, CST3, CD74, MPO, INHBA, CD48, INHBB, IL32, CRISP3, HSF1, CD83, PSG3, COLEC12, CSF3R, IL17RB

GO:0006953

BP

acute-phase response

An acute inflammatory response that involves non-antibody proteins whose concentrations in the plasma increase in response to infection or injury of homeothermic animals.

PLSCR1, F8, F2, HP, ASS1, SERPINA1, SERPINA3, INS, CRP, APCS, FN1, ORM1, AHSG, IL6, IL6R, SAA1, SAA2, MBL2, CEBPB, ORM2, STAT3, HAMP, HFE, SIGIRR, CD163, APOL2, TFR2

GO:0006954

BP

inflammatory response

The immediate defensive reaction (by vertebrate tissue) to infection or injury caused by chemical or physical agents. The process is characterized by local vasodilation, extravasation of plasma into intercellular spaces and accumulation of white blood cells and macrophages.

TLR4, TNFRSF11B, PIK3CD, TNFRSF10C, TLR3, IRAK2, RIPK2, CD5L, LY75, TPST1, TLR5, TLR2, TSPAN2, SEMA7A, GPR32, TNFRSF21, RPS6KA5, TUSC2, VNN1, SERPINA3, C3, KNG1, FOS, TGFB1, TNF, IL1A, IL1B, CRP, ORM1, PPBP, PF4, ANXA1, CYBB, ITGB2, S100A8, IL6, S100A9, CSF1R, LYN, THBS1, NGFR, CD14, KRT16, CXCL1, HMGB1, C4A, C4B, CXCL8, CCL3, SPP1, KIT, BMP2, CCL4, CCL2, CCL5, SCG2, MIF, ALOX15, SELE, CEBPB, SDC1, NFKB1, CXCL2, TNFRSF1B, FPR1, TNFAIP3, C5AR1, BMP6, IL10, GAL, IGFBP4, PTGS1, SP100, CXCR2, FPR2, PTAFR, F2R, FAS, PTX3, CD27, AOAH, TNFRSF8, CD40LG, ADORA1, AKT1, PTGS2, HRH1, CHI3L1, LTBR, LIPA, BCL6, CXCL5, PTGFR, PTGER3, PTGER2, SYK, CXCL12, PIK3CG, CD97, MAPKAPK2, SLC11A1, CASP4, AGTR2, NDST1, F2RL1, HDAC4, TIRAP, PLP1, CXCR4, LYZ, RAC1, ADAM8, OLR1, ELF3, CCL20, CCL8, CXCL6, TNFAIP6, RELB, RELA, PRKCQ, REL, AOX1, IL10RB, PTGDR, NMI, IL18, NFE2L1, NFATC4, PRKD1, TLR1, SMAD1, SCN9A, IFI16, AOC3, CDO1, THEMIS2, NFRKB, IL34, PXK, CAMK1D, SCUBE1, AFAP1L2, CHST4, ABCF1, BLNK, TNFRSF25, ITCH, NR1H4, S1PR3, GPER1, MGLL, RARRES2, LXN, CLEC7A, NFKBIZ, SIGLEC1, TOLLIP, PLGRKT, MMP25, IL1RAP, NOX4, CYP26B1, STAB1, SPHK1, IL37, TBK1, ZNF580, HDAC9, PYCARD, PLA2G4C, HDAC5, PLAA, CHST2, F11R, TNFRSF11A

GO:0006955

BP

immune response

Any immune system process that functions in the calibrated response of an organism to a potential internal or invasive threat.

TLR4, TNFRSF11B, ENPP3, TNFSF11, TNFRSF10C, FYB, AQP9, SMAD6, LY75, TLR2, FCGR3B, SEMA7A, TNFRSF21, PRKRA, TNFSF13, IKBKAP, CXCL14, PNP, C1R, C3, IL1A, IL1B, CD4, HLA-DRA, HLA-DQA2, HLA-DQA1, HLA-DQB1, PPBP, PF4, FTH1, SLPI, VTN, THBS1, IGF1R, NGFR, CXCL1, CXCL8, FCGR1A, CCL4, PRG2, HLA-DOB, IL1R1, ETS1, LIF, VAV1, CYP11B1, RAG1, CD36, IL7R, CEBPB, XBP1, IL1RN, CXCL2, HLA-DPA1, TNFRSF1B, C5AR1, BMP6, ENPP1, TNFSF4, IL32, IL4R, PTAFR, FAS, CTSS, CD27, CFP, IL1R2, HLA-DMB, TNFRSF8, IL12A, FCGR2B, GPR183, GBP2, PTGER4, BMPR1A, LTBR, ZEB1, CXCL5, NOTCH1, CXCL12, CD97, SERPINB9, TNFSF10, CEBPG, CTSC, GEM, CCL20, CXCL6, HAMP, SMAD3, IFITM3, IL1RL1, TGFBR3, CD164, EXOSC9, C1QBP, IL10RB, ILF2, CHIT1, IL18R1, ENPP2, IL18, NCF4, NECTIN1, TLR1, NFIL3, IRAK1BP1, CD276, OTUD7B, GBP6, PKHD1L1, SBSPON, TRIM22, CHST4, MARCH1, SECTM1, FCGR1B, PRG4, TNFRSF25, MR1, TCF12, SEMA3C, TINAGL1, ACKR4, IL1RAP, IL37, APLN, PRELID1, TNFSF13B, SAMHD1

GO:0006956

BP

complement activation

Any process involved in the activation of any of the steps of the complement cascade, which allows for the direct killing of microbes, the disposal of immune complexes, and the regulation of other immune processes; the initial steps of complement activation involve one of three pathways, the classical pathway, the alternative pathway, and the lectin pathway, all of which lead to the terminal complement pathway.

MASP2, C1R, CFB, C3, C1QA, CFH, C1S, C4A, C4B, C7, CLU, MBL2, C6, CFP, CFHR1, FCN2, RGCC

GO:0006957

BP

complement activation, alternative pathway

Any process involved in the activation of any of the steps of the alternative pathway of the complement cascade which allows for the direct killing of microbes and the regulation of other immune processes.

CFB, C3, C8G, CFH, C7, CFP, VSIG4

GO:0006958

BP

complement activation, classical pathway

Any process involved in the activation of any of the steps of the classical pathway of the complement cascade which allows for the direct killing of microbes, the disposal of immune complexes, and the regulation of other immune processes.

IGLL5, MASP2, C1R, C3, C1QA, SERPING1, CFI, C8G, CD55, C1S, C4A, C4B, C7, CLU, MBL2, C6, CD46, CR1, C1QBP, SUSD4, C1RL

GO:0006959

BP

humoral immune response

An immune response mediated through a body fluid.

TRAF3IP2, TNFRSF21, TNF, IFNA1 , IFNA16, IL6, GPI, BCL2, CD28, CCL2, ST6GAL1, TFEB, GPR183, PSMB10, NOTCH1, CD83, MEF2C, BST2, IFNE, BLNK, TREM1, YTHDF2

GO:0006968

BP

cellular defense response

A defense response that is mediated by cells.

CD5L, KLRC4, TYROBP, FCMR, BCL10, ITGB1, FOSL1, HLA-G, NCF2, C5AR1, CXCR2, ADORA2B, LSP1, MNDA, KIR3DL2, RELA, TCIRG1, VEZF1, DCDC2, RAB23, ZNF148

GO:0006970

BP

response to osmotic stress

Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a stimulus indicating an increase or decrease in the concentration of solutes outside the organism or cell.

MAP2K7, MAPK13, AQP9, TSC22D2, NFAT5, EGFR, SLC2A1, SORD, KCNMA1, MAP7, LRRC8A, MARVELD3, TSC22D3

GO:0006971

BP

hypotonic response

Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of detection of, or exposure to, a hypotonic environment, i.e. an environment with a lower concentration of solutes than the organism or cell.

ITGA2

GO:0006972

BP

hyperosmotic response

Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of detection of, or exposure to, a hyperosmotic environment, i.e. an environment with a higher concentration of solutes than the organism or cell.

TLR3, HNMT, SLC12A2, RAC1, PKN1

GO:0006974

BP

cellular response to DNA damage stimulus

Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a stimulus indicating damage to its DNA from environmental insults or errors during metabolism.

MACROD2, DDX39A, APBB1, CHD2, CHEK1, NUAK1, RAD1, BRD4, POLQ, PPP1R15A, RNF8, UBR5, MYC, TP53, LYN, PARP1, FBXO45, BCL2, TOP2A, H2AFX, BCL3, UBA1, APC, YY1, MAPK1, AKT1, MCM7, DDIT3, GNL1, BRCA1, CDKN1A, BCL6, MNDA, YAP1, MAPKAPK2, PSEN1, MRE11A, NEK4, BLM, VCP, CASP9, UBE2B, BTG2, XIAP, CDK3, RAD51, FMR1, FOXO1, NFATC2, CUL4A, SPIDR, PSME4, SHPRH, KIAA0101, RBBP5, STK11, MICA, FBXO31, INTS3, NIPBL, FAAP20, BRAT1, RPS27L, MCM10, SETX, RBBP6, CHD1L, SLF2, SMC5, CCAR2, APITD1, ZBTB38, RNF169, BOD1L1, FBXO18, SPATA18, SETD7, SUSD6, TOPBP1, DYRK2, TANK, RAD50, NABP1, OTUB1, MASTL, UBE2E2, USP28, SMC6, RAD9A, BARD1, NPAS2, CIB1, NABP2, MACROD1, SLF1, ALKBH7, WAC, PITHD1, TAOK3, EGLN3, UBE2T, INIP, RAD18, CDKN2AIP, AATF, FMN2, DTL, ZBTB4, ASH2L, BAZ1B, MCM8, TLK1, VAV3, TAOK2, TIMELESS

GO:0006975

BP

DNA damage induced protein phosphorylation

The widespread phosphorylation of various molecules, triggering many downstream processes, that occurs in response to the detection of DNA damage.

CHEK1, MAPK3, MAP2K6, CRY1

GO:0006977

BP

DNA damage response, signal transduction by p53 class mediator resulting in cell cycle arrest

A cascade of processes induced by the cell cycle regulator phosphoprotein p53, or an equivalent protein, in response to the detection of DNA damage and resulting in the stopping or reduction in rate of the cell cycle.

CNOT1, AURKA, MDM4, TRIAP1, CNOT3, CNOT4, TP53, CDK1, NPM1, UBC, PCNA, CCNB1, MUC1, GADD45A, CDK2, CDC25C, SFN, CDKN1A, CDKN1B, PCBP4, RPS27A, UBA52, BTG2, CRADD, MDM2, E2F1, SOX4, BAX, EP300, TFDP1, CARM1, ARID3A, PRMT1, RGCC, CENPJ, PLK2, GTSE1, CNOT7, CNOT6, PLAGL1

GO:0006978

BP

DNA damage response, signal transduction by p53 class mediator resulting in transcription of p21 class mediator

A cascade of processes induced by the cell cycle regulator phosphoprotein p53, or an equivalent protein, resulting in the induction of the transcription of p21 (also known as WAF1, CIP1 and SDI1) or any equivalent protein, in response to the detection of DNA damage.

TP53, MUC1, SP100, BRCA1, BRCA2, FOXM1, HIPK2

GO:0006979

BP

response to oxidative stress

Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of oxidative stress, a state often resulting from exposure to high levels of reactive oxygen species, e.g. superoxide anions, hydrogen peroxide (H2O2), and hydroxyl radicals.

PDLIM1, NDUFS8, ATOX1, TOR1A, PARK2, NDUFS2, PSIP1, IDH1, STC2, NDUFB4, VNN1, EGFR, PRNP, KRT1, APP, MPO, CA3, ERCC1, HMOX1, MBL2, ALAD, ERCC2, XPA, PTGS1, PSMB5, DUSP1, AKT1, PRDX2, PTGS2, NUDT1, GPX4, GCLC, GCLM, PSEN1, SEPP1, MMP14, BTG1, GAB1, MTF1, DHCR24, ETFDH, MICB, DGKK, MSRB3, OXR1, CYGB, IPCEF1, RBPMS, ALS2, PINK1, DUOX2, DUOX1, SLC23A2, SLC7A11

GO:0006982

BP

response to lipid hydroperoxide

Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a lipid hydroperoxide stimulus. Lipid hydroperoxide is the highly reactive primary oxygenated products of polyunsaturated fatty acids.

GPX3

GO:0006983

BP

ER overload response

The series of molecular signals generated by the accumulation of normal or misfolded proteins in the endoplasmic reticulum and leading to activation of transcription by NF-kappaB.

TP53, HSPA5, DDIT3, GSK3B, CCDC47, VIMP, TMCO1

GO:0006984

BP

ER-nucleus signaling pathway

Any series of molecular signals that conveys information from the endoplasmic reticulum to the nucleus, usually resulting in a change in transcriptional regulation.

ATP2A2

GO:0006986

BP

response to unfolded protein

Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of an unfolded protein stimulus.

TMEM129, MFN2, HSPB1, HSP90AA1, THBS1, HSP90AB1, HSPD1, HSPA6, DNAJB1, DNAJB2, DNAJA1, HSPA1L, HSPA4, THBS4, DDIT3, SERPINH1, HSPE1, HSPB3, HSPB2, CREBRF, UBE2J2, STT3B, HSPH1, FAF2, ERP44, HERPUD2, CHAC1, DNAJC4, JKAMP, DNAJB4

GO:0006987

BP

activation of signaling protein activity involved in unfolded protein response

The conversion of a specific protein, possessing protein kinase and endoribonuclease activities, to an active form as a result of signaling via the unfolded protein response.

ERN1, VAPB, HSPA5, BAX

GO:0006990

BP

positive regulation of transcription from RNA polymerase II promoter involved in unfolded protein response

The activation of genes whose promoters contain a specific sequence elements such as the unfolded protein response element (UPRE; consensus CAGCGTG) or the ER stress-response element (ERSE; CCAAN(N)9CCACG), as a result of signaling via the unfolded protein response.

XBP1, ATF6, EP300

GO:0006991

BP

response to sterol depletion

Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a stimulus indicating deprivation of sterols. Sterols are a group of steroids characterized by the presence of one or more hydroxyl groups and a hydrocarbon side-chain in the molecule.

LYN

GO:0006995

BP

cellular response to nitrogen starvation

Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of deprivation of nitrogen.

GABARAPL2, RB1CC1, MAP1LC3B, GABARAPL1, MAP1LC3A

GO:0006996

BP

organelle organization

A process that is carried out at the cellular level which results in the assembly, arrangement of constituent parts, or disassembly of an organelle within a cell. An organelle is an organized structure of distinctive morphology and function. Includes the nucleus, mitochondria, plastids, vacuoles, vesicles, ribosomes and the cytoskeleton. Excludes the plasma membrane.

TOR1A, KIF5C, KIF4A, ATP2A2, HPS3, HDAC6, KIF3A

GO:0006997

BP

nucleus organization

A process that is carried out at the cellular level which results in the assembly, arrangement of constituent parts, or disassembly of the nucleus.

BIN1, CHMP2A, VPS4B, PITPNB, H3F3A, GOLM1, CHMP4B

GO:0006998

BP

nuclear envelope organization

A process that is carried out at the cellular level which results in the assembly, arrangement of constituent parts, or disassembly of the nuclear envelope.

TOR1A, NUP155, CTDNEP1, DMPK, REEP3, NUP93, TMEM170A, SYNE2, SPAG4, PARP11, SUN2

GO:0006999

BP

nuclear pore organization

A process that is carried out at the cellular level which results in the assembly, arrangement of constituent parts, or disassembly of the nuclear pore.

TPR, NUP35, SEH1L

GO:0007000

BP

nucleolus organization

A process that is carried out at the cellular level which results in the assembly, arrangement of constituent parts, or disassembly of the nucleolus.

RRN3

GO:0007004

BP

telomere maintenance via telomerase

The maintenance of proper telomeric length by the addition of telomeric repeats by telomerase.

DKC1, MRE11A, TERF1, RAD50, ACD, NOP10, POT1, GAR1

GO:0007005

BP

mitochondrion organization

A process that is carried out at the cellular level which results in the assembly, arrangement of constituent parts, or disassembly of a mitochondrion; includes mitochondrial morphogenesis and distribution, and replication of the mitochondrial genome as well as synthesis of new mitochondrial components.

FANCG, PARK2, OPA1, PARP1, ESRRA, TMEM11, NOS3, PHB, HMGCL, CAV2, CXADR, CYCS, TFAM, SSBP1, GABPA, RAB32, MTFR1, FXN, MTFR2, VPS13C, PPARGC1B, CHCHD10, MIEF2, SLC25A36, PEO1, CEP89, YME1L1, MTERF1, PHB2, EPAS1, PINK1, SEPN1, PPARGC1A, AGTPBP1, BCS1L, CHCHD2

GO:0007006

BP

mitochondrial membrane organization

A process that is carried out at the cellular level which results in the assembly, arrangement of constituent parts, or disassembly of a mitochondrial membrane, either of the lipid bilayer surrounding a mitochondrion.

MFN2, SNCA, TIMM50

GO:0007007

BP

inner mitochondrial membrane organization

A process that is carried out at the cellular level which results in the assembly, arrangement of constituent parts, or disassembly of the mitochondrial inner membrane.

OPA1

GO:0007009

BP

plasma membrane organization

A process that is carried out at the cellular level which results in the assembly, arrangement of constituent parts, or disassembly of the plasma membrane.

MTSS1, CRB1, SPTBN1, ANK3, BAIAP2L1

GO:0007010

BP

cytoskeleton organization

A process that is carried out at the cellular level which results in the assembly, arrangement of constituent parts, or disassembly of cytoskeletal structures.

HIP1, ABLIM1, C21orf2, PPL, OBSL1, PRPF40A, RP2, MICAL2, YEATS4, ZMYM6, APOE, TUBB4A, KRT16, TPM1, CCL3, DMD, CCL2, KRT13, DES, CFL1, CTNNA2, PRKCI, CAPZB, SOX9, ACTB, TUBA4A, TUBB4B, SPTBN1, ANK2, DST, TUBB3, TUBA3C, TUBB2A, ZMYM3, NEDD9, KISS1, CCDC6, DPYSL2, QRICH1, CAMSAP1, MAST2, BRWD3, FGD6, LARP4, TUBA1A, RHOU, MAEA, ARC, FGD2, PDZD8, MICAL1, ARAP3, PHIP, PALLD, AJUBA, FGD4, FMNL2, TUBB6, TUBB2B, SEMA6A, PSTPIP2, BRWD1, TBCCD1, ABI2, ZAK, MARK1, PAK7, ZMYM2, ADD3, ZRANB1, LIMD1, TUBD1, TNIK, CDC42BPB, PCLO

GO:0007015

BP

actin filament organization

A process that is carried out at the cellular level which results in the assembly, arrangement of constituent parts, or disassembly of cytoskeletal structures comprising actin filaments. Includes processes that control the spatial distribution of actin filaments, such as organizing filaments into meshworks, bundles, or other structures, as by cross-linking.

SORBS3, DIAPH2, SORBS2, ALDOA, TMSB15A, BCL2, ACTN1, RAC2, TMOD1, LMOD1, CORO1A, CTNNA1, PRKCI, EMP2, TMSB4X, TMSB10, ARF1, DLG1, FAT1, DBN1, LRRC16A, RUFY3, PPARGC1B, ARHGEF2, PACSIN1, TRPV4, EVL, AKAP2

GO:0007016

BP

cytoskeletal anchoring at plasma membrane

A cytoskeleton organization process that directly or indirectly links cytoskeletal filaments to the plasma membrane.

FLNB, JUP, EZR, ANK3, DAG1, SPTBN4, EPB41L3, TLN1

GO:0007017

BP

microtubule-based process

Any cellular process that depends upon or alters the microtubule cytoskeleton, that part of the cytoskeleton comprising microtubules and their associated proteins.

TUBB4A, TUBB, NEK3, DYNLL1, TUBA1B, TUBA4A, TUBB4B, TUBB3, DCTN2, TUBA3C, TUBB2A, NEK10, TUBA1A, NEK9, KIFAP3, TUBB6, TUBB2B, EML4, GTSE1, TUBD1

GO:0007018

BP

microtubule-based movement

A microtubule-based process that is mediated by motor proteins and results in the movement of organelles, other microtubules, or other particles along microtubules.

DYNC1LI2, KIF1C, KIF5C, KIF1B, AP2A2, KIF20A, KIF4A, DNAL4, NGF, NTRK1, CLTA, KIF11, AP2S1, AP2B1, CENPE, KIF23, DNAH14, DYNC1I2, DYNC1H1, KIF22, KIF14, DNAH12, KTN1, KIF18B, DNAH10, KIF18A, KIFAP3, AP2M1, KIF20B, KIF2C, SH3GL2, KIFC1, RACGAP1, KIF13B, KIF15, DNAH9, STARD9, KIF3A

GO:0007019

BP

microtubule depolymerization

The removal of tubulin heterodimers from one or both ends of a microtubule.

STMN1, KIF18B, KIF18A, KIF2C, STMN3

GO:0007020

BP

microtubule nucleation

The process in which tubulin alpha-beta heterodimers begin aggregation to form an oligomeric tubulin structure (a microtubule seed). Microtubule nucleation is the initiating step in the formation of a microtubule in the absence of any existing microtubules ('de novo' microtubule formation).

TUBG1, CSNK1D, GOLGA2, TUBGCP3, RANBP9, NDEL1, CENPJ, NDE1, SLAIN2

GO:0007021

BP

tubulin complex assembly

The aggregation and bonding together of alpha- and beta-tubulin to form a tubulin heterodimer.

CRYAB, TCP1, TBCD

GO:0007023

BP

post-chaperonin tubulin folding pathway

Completion of folding of alpha- and beta-tubulin; takes place subsequent to chaperonin-mediated partial folding; mediated by a complex of folding cofactors.

TBCD

GO:0007026

BP

negative regulation of microtubule depolymerization

Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of microtubule depolymerization; prevention of depolymerization of a microtubule can result from binding by 'capping' at the plus end (e.g. by interaction with another cellular protein of structure) or by exposing microtubules to a stabilizing drug such as taxol.

MID1, APC, CKAP2, FGF13, ARHGEF2, CIB1, KATNB1, MID1IP1, HDAC6, HDGFRP3

GO:0007028

BP

cytoplasm organization

A process that is carried out at the cellular level which results in the assembly, arrangement of constituent parts, or disassembly of the cytoplasm. The cytoplasm is all of the contents of a cell excluding the plasma membrane and nucleus, but including other subcellular structures.

RRN3

GO:0007029

BP

endoplasmic reticulum organization

A process that is carried out at the cellular level which results in the assembly, arrangement of constituent parts, or disassembly of the endoplasmic reticulum.

VAPB, CAV2, SEC61A1, ATL3, ATL2, CCDC47, VMP1, SEC16B, LMAN2L

GO:0007030

BP

Golgi organization

A process that is carried out at the cellular level which results in the assembly, arrangement of constituent parts, or disassembly of the Golgi apparatus.

RAB29, SURF4, ATP8B1, OBSL1, HTT, CSNK1A1, CSNK1D, TMED10, CDC42, RAB2A, RAB1A, ARHGEF7, COG2, CUL7, PRKD1, TMED2, TRIP11, TJAP1, ARHGAP21, ATL3, HACE1, ATL2, ATP8B4, GBF1, USP6NL, OPTN, VMP1, LMAN2L, BLZF1, BAG5, NSFL1C

GO:0007031

BP

peroxisome organization

A process that is carried out at the cellular level which results in the assembly, arrangement of constituent parts, or disassembly of a peroxisome. A peroxisome is a small, membrane-bounded organelle that uses dioxygen (O2) to oxidize organic molecules.

PEX12, PEX14, PEX11B, SCP2, ABCD3, PEX3, TMEM135, LONP2, SEC16B

GO:0007032

BP

endosome organization

A process that is carried out at the cellular level which results in the assembly, arrangement of constituent parts, or disassembly of endosomes.

STX6, RAB5B, LAMTOR1, HOOK3, PIK3C3, SNX33, HOOK2, ALS2, AKTIP, RAB22A, ARFGEF2

GO:0007033

BP

vacuole organization

A process that is carried out at the cellular level which results in the assembly, arrangement of constituent parts, or disassembly of a vacuole.

VPS4B, NDP

GO:0007034

BP

vacuolar transport

The directed movement of substances into, out of or within a vacuole.

CLN3, NDFIP1

GO:0007035

BP

vacuolar acidification

Any process that reduces the pH of the vacuole, measured by the concentration of the hydrogen ion.

ATP6V0E1, SLC11A1, TCIRG1, ATP6V0A1, ATP6V1H

GO:0007037

BP

vacuolar phosphate transport

The directed movement of phosphates into, out of or within a vacuole.

FGFR1

GO:0007039

BP

protein catabolic process in the vacuole

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of a protein in the vacuole, usually by the action of vacuolar proteases.

TCIRG1

GO:0007040

BP

lysosome organization

A process that is carried out at the cellular level which results in the assembly, arrangement of constituent parts, or disassembly of a lysosome. A lysosome is a cytoplasmic, membrane-bounded organelle that is found in most animal cells and that contains a variety of hydrolases.

TPP1, ABCA1, GAA, ARSB, TFEB, NAGLU, CLN3, GNPTAB, LAMTOR1, HOOK3, MFSD8, TPCN2, HPS1, HOOK2, LYST, AKTIP, HPS4, TMEM106B, NAGPA

GO:0007041

BP

lysosomal transport

The directed movement of substances into, out of or within a lysosome.

NPC1, ARSB, HGSNAT, VPS52, PCSK9, TMEM106B

GO:0007042

BP

lysosomal lumen acidification

Any process that reduces the pH of the lysosomal lumen, measured by the concentration of the hydrogen ion.

CLN5, SNAPIN, PPT1, CLN3, CLN6

GO:0007043

BP

cell-cell junction assembly

The aggregation, arrangement and bonding together of a set of components to form a junction between cells.

CDH5, GJC1, TJP1, FSCN1, FLCN, HDAC7, NR1H4, PKP4, PARD6B, TRPV4, HEG1, TLN1

GO:0007044

BP

cell-substrate junction assembly

The aggregation, arrangement and bonding together of a set of components to form a junction between a cell and its substrate.

FN1, ITGB3, ITGA5, ITGA6, TNS1, TLN1

GO:0007049

BP

cell cycle

The progression of biochemical and morphological phases and events that occur in a cell during successive cell replication or nuclear replication events. Canonically, the cell cycle comprises the replication and segregation of genetic material followed by the division of the cell, but in endocycles or syncytial cells nuclear replication or nuclear division may not be followed by cell division.

SUPT5H, CDK2AP1, MAPK13, KLK10, SIAH2, CREBL2, CCNT1, CCNT2, PRPF40A, TACC1, GMNN, USP2, TUSC2, GNAI2, KRT18, GNAI3, DTYMK, MAPK3, MAPK1, RBL1, CCND2, CCND3, AHR, RGS2, MAP3K8, NASP, MCM2, ERF, ANXA11, SIK1, CKS1B, PPP1CA, BLCAP, GNAI1, RACK1, ERH, CDK5, INSM1, PRKCD, RBBP4, CDC20, CHAF1A, CHAF1B, MAPK7, GPS2, IKZF1, CUL4B, TP53BP2, CAMK1, E2F2, WTAP, ZMYND11, RPS6KA1, DIXDC1, PKN2, LIN52, ESCO2, AVPI1, CROCC, RIF1, KCTD11, MAEA, SIAH1, CCAR1, MRPL41, HACE1, CCAR2, BANP, HJURP, RCBTB1, APPL2, DBF4B, CTCFL, URGCP, RB1CC1, PARD3, CHTF18, PTP4A1, LIN37, SENP5, ZFYVE19, UHRF2, UHRF1, GPER1, PDCD2L, PELO, MARVELD1, BEX2, PARD6B, RBM38, TSPYL2, RASSF4, TXNIP, SUV39H2, PARD6A, BRD7, CYLD, TXLNG, ARL8B, THAP1, HMG20B, BCCIP, TLK1, CCPG1, USP22, RABGAP1, EID1

GO:0007050

BP

cell cycle arrest

A regulatory process that halts progression through the cell cycle during one of the normal phases (G1, S, G2, M).

APBB1, IRF6, PPM1G, HBP1, BRINP1, GAS7, NBN, ERN1, CDC123, PPP1R15A, AK1, MYC, TGFB1, PRNP, TP53, INHA, RB1, THBS1, INHBA, CXCL8, IRF1, SKIL, GADD45A, APC, CALR, IL12A, DDIT3, TGFBR1, CDKN1A, CDKN2B, CDKN2C, MSH2, CDKN1B, TSC2, CDKN1C, CDK7, MAP2K6, PRKAG1, PRKAA2, GAS1, TGFB2, SMAD3, PKD1, FOXO4, CDK6, MAP2K1, NOTCH2, KHDRBS1, ILK, PKD2, CUL2, CUL3, CUL4A, GAS6, RHEB, DHCR24, STK11, ZFHX3, CDKN3, TBRG1, LAMTOR1, DDIAS, KMT2E, JMY, UHMK1, KAT2B, APBB2, CUL5, TBRG4, TP53INP1, KIF20B, BARD1, MLST8, STRADB, RRAGC, TCF7L2, RRAGD, RASSF1, RPRM, ZAK, EIF2AK4, PRKAG3, LAMTOR3, PLAGL1, PA2G4, LAMTOR2, CAB39

GO:0007051

BP

spindle organization

A process that is carried out at the cellular level which results in the assembly, arrangement of constituent parts, or disassembly of the spindle, the array of microtubules and associated molecules that forms between opposite poles of a eukaryotic cell during DNA segregation and serves to move the duplicated chromosomes apart.

AURKA, TTK, RANBP1, KIF11, CKAP5, KIZ, ASPM, AURKB, SPAG5, AUNIP, KNSTRN

GO:0007052

BP

mitotic spindle organization

A process that is carried out at the cellular level which results in the assembly, arrangement of constituent parts, or disassembly of the microtubule spindle during a mitotic cell cycle.

EML1, NDC80, AURKA, WDR62, TNKS, PCNT, CCNB1, STMN1, RCC1, TTK, KIF11, GPSM2, DCTN2, DYNC1H1, SMC1A, STIL, SPC25, PLK2, SUN2, SMC3, SBDS

GO:0007057

BP

spindle assembly involved in female meiosis I

The aggregation, arrangement and bonding together of a set of components to form the spindle during meiosis I of a meiotic cell cycle in females. An example of this is found in Drosophila melanogaster.

AURKA, FBXO5

GO:0007059

BP

chromosome segregation

The process in which genetic material, in the form of chromosomes, is organized into specific structures and then physically separated and apportioned to two or more sets. In eukaryotes, chromosome segregation begins with the condensation of chromosomes, includes chromosome separation, and ends when chromosomes have completed movement to the spindle poles.

DDX3X, RIOK3, NDC80, OIP5, CIAO1, NR3C1, SLC25A5, TOP1, TOP2A, ERCC2, RCC1, PPP2R1A, BRCA1, CENPF, NEK2, NEK3, KIF11, UBE2I, CENPE, CENPC, FAM175B, PPP1R7, ESCO2, CENPW, SGOL1, CDCA2, NEK10, SKA3, HJURP, NEK9, SKA2, SKA1, ARL8A, SPAG5, SRPK1, SETDB2, NUF2, NDEL1, FAM96A, NAA60, SPC25, NEK6, ARL8B, NDE1, MIS18A, FAM96B, KNSTRN

GO:0007060

BP

male meiosis chromosome segregation

The cell cycle process in which genetic material, in the form of chromosomes, is organized and then physically separated and apportioned to two or more sets during the meiotic cell cycle in a male.

MLH1

GO:0007062

BP

sister chromatid cohesion

The cell cycle process in which the sister chromatids of a replicated chromosome become tethered to each other.

NDC80, XPO1, BIRC5, RAD51C, BUB1, BUB3, RAD21, BUB1B, ZWINT, CLIP1, PPP1CC, RPS27, RANGAP1, CENPA, CENPF, RANBP2, MRE11A, KNTC1, PLK1, SEC13, NUP107, CENPE, CENPC, NUP160, CDC20, MAD2L1, ITGB3BP, CKAP5, SMC1A, KIF22, MAPRE1, PDS5A, ERCC6L, CDCA8, SGOL2, SGOL1, CENPU, CENPQ, WAPL, SMC5, CENPL, APITD1, SPC24, NUP43, NUP37, CASC5, KIF18A, SKA2, AHCTF1, SKA1, SPDL1, SEH1L, CDCA5, AURKB, CENPN, NSL1, PHB2, KIF2C, CENPK, CENPO, NUP85, HDAC8, NUF2, NDEL1, CENPH, DSN1, ZWILCH, SPC25, CENPM, PDS5B, NDE1, SMC3, MAD1L1

GO:0007063

BP

regulation of sister chromatid cohesion

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of sister chromatid cohesion.

BUB1

GO:0007064

BP

mitotic sister chromatid cohesion

The cell cycle process in which the sister chromatids of a replicated chromosome are joined along the entire length of the chromosome, from their formation in S phase through metaphase during a mitotic cell cycle. This cohesion cycle is critical for high fidelity chromosome transmission.

RAD21, SMC1A, PDS5A, NIPBL, WAPL, GSG2, CDCA5, PDS5B, SMC3

GO:0007066

BP

female meiosis sister chromatid cohesion

The joining of the sister chromatids of a replicated chromosome along the entire length of the chromosome that occurs during meiosis in a female.

RAD51C

GO:0007067

BP

mitotic nuclear division

A cell cycle process comprising the steps by which the nucleus of a eukaryotic cell divides; the process involves condensation of chromosomal DNA into a highly compacted form. Canonically, mitosis produces two daughter nuclei whose chromosome complement is identical to that of the mother cell.

STRA13, WASL, NDC80, AURKA, PPP1R12A, CETN3, OIP5, BUB1, ENSA, BUB1B, TADA3, RNF8, HAUS5, CCNB2, TNKS, YEATS4, LATS1, PTTG1, NR3C1, CDK1, TPR, HGF, RCC1, CCNA2, CDK11B, CDK2, WEE1, CDC25A, CDC25B, CDC25C, CLIP1, NUP62, CCNF, BRCC3, CSNK1A1, CENPF, KNTC1, NEK2, NEK3, NEK4, CCNG1, KIF11, HMGA2, PLK1, TERF1, GEM, ARPP19, RPS6, DYNLT1, UBE2I, CCNA1, CDK3, SRSF2, CENPC, NSUN2, CDC20, ITGB3BP, TUBB3, DCTN2, CKAP5, DCTN1, NEDD9, KIF22, SEPT2, MAPRE2, MAPRE1, SEPT7, CCNG2, ERCC6L, CENPW, SGOL1, CDCA2, REEP3, MIS18BP1, BORA, HAUS6, CENPV, PBRM1, NCAPG2, ANKLE2, SKA3, SIRT2, SMC5, ASPM, APITD1, SPC24, PAPD5, NUP43, NUP37, CASC5, MPLKIP, NEK9, SNX33, SKA2, ARHGEF2, FBXW5, SKA1, ARL8A, HAUS1, ANAPC16, CDCA5, MASTL, CENPN, BOD1, NSL1, VCPIP1, PBK, MARK4, NEK1, KIF20B, SNX18, SETDB2, NUP88, CDCA3, PKMYT1, KIF2C, CDC6, HAUS7, VRK1, FAM64A, TIPIN, NUF2, LRRCC1, USP44, ANAPC1, TRIOBP, TTYH1, FAM83D, HAUS4, ZWILCH, SPC25, EML4, NEK6, KMT5A, ANLN, LATS2, HELLS, KIF15, HAUS2, MIS18A, KLHL9, KLHL42, KLHL13, FBXL7, CDC23, ANAPC5, ANAPC4, FBXO5, TPX2, FZR1, ANAPC10, TIMELESS, MAPRE3, CDK11A, SMC3, RUVBL1, SUGT1, SNX9

GO:0007070

BP

negative regulation of transcription from RNA polymerase II promoter during mitosis

Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of transcription from an RNA polymerase II promoter during mitosis.

RB1, SMARCA4

GO:0007076

BP

mitotic chromosome condensation

The cell cycle process in which chromatin structure is compacted prior to and during mitosis in eukaryotic cells.

SMC2, NCAPD3, NCAPH, NCAPD2, TTN, CDCA5, NCAPG, NUSAP1, SMC4

GO:0007077

BP

mitotic nuclear envelope disassembly

The cell cycle process in which the controlled breakdown of the nuclear envelope during mitotic cell division occurs.

NUPL2, BANF1, NUP155, CCNB2, CTDNEP1, LMNA, PRKCB, CDK1, TPR, CCNB1, PRKCA, NUP62, NUP153, RANBP2, EMD, PLK1, NUP107, RAE1, NUP160, LPIN1, NUP93, CNEP1R1, NUP43, NUP37, NUP35, NEK9, NUP210, NUP205, SEH1L, NUP88, VRK1, NDC1, NUP58, NUP85, NEK6, NUP50

GO:0007079

BP

mitotic chromosome movement towards spindle pole

The cell cycle process in which the directed movement of chromosomes from the center of the spindle towards the spindle poles occurs. This mediates by the shortening of microtubules attached to the chromosomes, during mitosis.

CENPE, KPNB1, DLGAP5, KATNB1

GO:0007080

BP

mitotic metaphase plate congression

The cell cycle process in which chromosomes are aligned at the metaphase plate, a plane halfway between the poles of the mitotic spindle, during mitosis.

CHMP2A, VPS4B, CCNB1, RAB11A, CENPE, CUL3, KIF22, KPNB1, RRS1, KIF14, CDCA8, PSRC1, KIF18A, PIBF1, SPDL1, SEH1L, CDCA5, KIF2C, KIFC1, CHMP4B, CDC23

GO:0007084

BP

mitotic nuclear envelope reassembly

The cell cycle process that results in reformation of the nuclear envelope during mitotic cell division.

BANF1, LMNA, PPP2R1A, EMD, REEP3, ANKLE2, VRK1

GO:0007088

BP

regulation of mitotic nuclear division

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of mitosis.

DAPK3, OBSL1, RCC1, CDC25C, MKI67, CAV2, NEK2, CDC42, CDK13, CUL7, MAP9, BORA, KIF20B, PKMYT1, CCDC8, FBXO5, L3MBTL1

GO:0007089

BP

traversing start control point of mitotic cell cycle

A cell cycle process by which a cell commits to entering S phase via a positive feedback mechanism between the regulation of transcription and G1 CDK activity.

MDM2, CDK10, CDC6

GO:0007091

BP

metaphase/anaphase transition of mitotic cell cycle

The cell cycle process in which a cell progresses from metaphase to anaphase during mitosis, triggered by the activation of the anaphase promoting complex by Cdc20/Sleepy homolog which results in the degradation of Securin.

BUB1B, CDC27, CDC23, TACC3

GO:0007093

BP

mitotic cell cycle checkpoint

A cell cycle checkpoint that ensures accurate chromosome replication and segregation by preventing progression through a mitotic cell cycle until conditions are suitable for the cell to proceed to the next stage.

BUB1, BUB1B, NBN, ZWINT, TGFB1, RB1, CDKN2B, KNTC1, RPS6, RPL24, DLG1, MAD2L1, SMC1A, INTS3, NABP1, NABP2, ZWILCH, PLK2, MAD1L1

GO:0007094

BP

mitotic spindle assembly checkpoint

A cell cycle checkpoint that delays the metaphase/anaphase transition of a mitotic nuclear division until the spindle is correctly assembled and chromosomes are attached to the spindle.

ZNF207, BUB1, BUB3, BUB1B, TPR, APC, TTK, CENPF, PLK1, MAD2L1, TEX14, MAD1L1

GO:0007095

BP

mitotic G2 DNA damage checkpoint

A mitotic cell cycle checkpoint that detects and negatively regulates progression through the G2/M transition of the cell cycle in response to DNA damage.

FOXN3, NBN, CDK1, CCNA2, MRE11A, HMGA2, BLM, FOXO4, TOPBP1, SLF1, TAOK3, FANCI

GO:0007096

BP

regulation of exit from mitosis

Any process involved in the progression from anaphase/telophase to G1 that is associated with a conversion from high to low mitotic CDK activity.

KNTC1, SIRT2, ANLN, CDC23, CDC14A

GO:0007097

BP

nuclear migration

The directed movement of the nucleus.

CDC42, SYNE2, SUN2

GO:0007098

BP

centrosome cycle

The cell cycle process in which centrosome duplication and separation takes place. The centrosome cycle can operate with a considerable degree of independence from other processes of the cell cycle.

CETN3, CDK1, NPM1, GADD45A, BRCA1, TUBE1

GO:0007099

BP

centriole replication

The cell cycle process in which a daughter centriole is formed perpendicular to an existing centriole. An immature centriole contains a ninefold radially symmetric array of single microtubules; mature centrioles consist of a radial array of nine microtubule triplets, doublets, or singlets depending upon the species and cell type.

PLK4, WDR62, CEP152, CDK2, CEP135, CNTROB, CENPJ

GO:0007100

BP

mitotic centrosome separation

Separation of duplicated centrosome components at the beginning of mitosis. The centriole pair within each centrosome becomes part of a separate microtubule organizing center that nucleates a radial array of microtubules called an aster. The two asters move to opposite sides of the nucleus to form the two poles of the mitotic spindle.

AURKA, KIF11, NDEL1, NDE1

GO:0007113

BP

endomitotic cell cycle

A mitotic cell cycle in which chromosomes are replicated and sister chromatids separate, but spindle formation, nuclear membrane breakdown and nuclear division do not occur, resulting in an increased number of chromosomes in the cell.

CIB1

GO:0007126

BP

meiotic nuclear division

One of the two nuclear divisions that occur as part of the meiotic cell cycle.

CDK2, MKI67, RAD51, SMC1A, RAD54L, TUBGCP3, DUSP13, SMC3

GO:0007127

BP

meiosis I

The first meiotic nuclear division in which homologous chromosomes are paired and segregated from each other, producing two haploid daughter nuclei.

CKS2

GO:0007129

BP

synapsis

The meiotic cell cycle process where side by side pairing and physical juxtaposition of homologous chromosomes is created during meiotic prophase. Synapsis begins when the chromosome arms begin to pair from the clustered telomeres and ends when synaptonemal complex or linear element assembly is complete.

MLH1, MRE11A, NDC1, FANCD2

GO:0007130

BP

synaptonemal complex assembly

The cell cycle process in which the synaptonemal complex is formed. This is a structure that holds paired chromosomes together during prophase I of meiosis and that promotes genetic recombination.

MEIOC, TRIP13, P3H4, TEX15, AGO4, MLH3

GO:0007131

BP

reciprocal meiotic recombination

The cell cycle process in which double strand breaks are formed and repaired through a double Holliday junction intermediate. This results in the equal exchange of genetic material between non-sister chromatids in a pair of homologous chromosomes. These reciprocal recombinant products ensure the proper segregation of homologous chromosomes during meiosis I and create genetic diversity.

RAD51C, RAD21, RAD51D, FSBP, MSH3, MSH2, MRE11A, MSH6, RAD51, TRIP13, TOP6BL, RAD50, MND1, MLH3, RAD54B