Search Geneontologies

Geneontologies

GO ID Ontology GO Term Term Definition Proteins

GO:0006579

BP

amino-acid betaine catabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of any betaine, the N-trimethyl derivative of an amino acid.

DMGDH

GO:0006580

BP

ethanolamine metabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways involving ethanolamine (2-aminoethanol), an important water-soluble base of phospholipid (phosphatidylethanolamine).

CHKA

GO:0006582

BP

melanin metabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways involving melanins, pigments largely of animal origin. High molecular weight polymers of indole quinone, they are irregular polymeric structures and are divided into three groups: allomelanins in the plant kingdom and eumelanins and phaeomelanins in the animal kingdom.

BCL2

GO:0006583

BP

melanin biosynthetic process from tyrosine

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of melanin from other compounds, including tyrosine.

TYR

GO:0006584

BP

catecholamine metabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways involving any of a group of physiologically important biogenic amines that possess a catechol (3,4-dihydroxyphenyl) nucleus and are derivatives of 3,4-dihydroxyphenylethylamine.

AOC2, SULT1A3, MTPN

GO:0006585

BP

dopamine biosynthetic process from tyrosine

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of dopamine (3,4-dihydroxyphenylethylamine) from L-tyrosine, via the metabolic precursor 3,4-dihydroxy-L-phenylalanine (L-dopa). Dopamine is a catecholamine neurotransmitter and a metabolic precursor of norepinephrine and epinephrine.

TH

GO:0006590

BP

thyroid hormone generation

The formation of either of the compounds secreted by the thyroid gland, mainly thyroxine and triiodothyronine. This is achieved by the iodination and joining of tyrosine molecules to form the precursor thyroglobin, proteolysis of this precursor gives rise to the thyroid hormones.

DIO2, SLC5A5, DUOX2, DUOX1, CPQ

GO:0006592

BP

ornithine biosynthetic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of ornithine, an amino acid only rarely found in proteins, but which is important in living organisms as an intermediate in the reactions of the urea cycle and in arginine biosynthesis.

ALDH18A1

GO:0006595

BP

polyamine metabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways involving polyamines, any organic compound containing two or more amino groups.

OAZ2, ODC1, AMD1, SRM

GO:0006596

BP

polyamine biosynthetic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of polyamines, any organic compound containing two or more amino groups.

OAZ2, SAT1, OAZ1

GO:0006597

BP

spermine biosynthetic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of spermine, a polybasic amine found in human sperm, in ribosomes and in some viruses and involved in nucleic acid packaging.

AMD1

GO:0006600

BP

creatine metabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways involving creatine (N-(aminoiminomethyl)-N-methylglycine), a compound synthesized from the amino acids arginine, glycine, and methionine that occurs in muscle.

GHR, CKB, CKMT1A, CKMT2, STAT5A, SLC6A8, GATM, STAT5B

GO:0006601

BP

creatine biosynthetic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of creatine, N-[amino(imino)methyl]-N-methylglycine. Creatine is formed by a process beginning with amidino group transfer from L-arginine to glycine to form guanidinoacetate, followed by methyl group transfer from S-adenosyl-L-methionine to guanidinoacetate; it is then is phosphorylated to form a pool that stores high energy phosphate for the replenishment of ATP during periods of high, or fluctuating energy demand. In animals, most creatine is transported to and used in muscle.

GATM

GO:0006605

BP

protein targeting

The process of targeting specific proteins to particular regions of the cell, typically membrane-bounded subcellular organelles. Usually requires an organelle specific protein sequence motif.

MYO1C, RHOD, TRAK2, RASSF9, YWHAB, RAB27A, SYNJ2BP, YWHAE, RPL11, YWHAZ, AKAP6, OS9, CDC37, PAN3, NLGN1, SORL1, KATNB1, HPS4, KIF13B, HOMER3, TRAK1

GO:0006606

BP

protein import into nucleus

The directed movement of a protein from the cytoplasm to the nucleus.

NUP155, PDIA3, FGF9, NUP62, STAT3, RANBP1, NUP153, TSC2, PTTG1IP, CSE1L, NUP107, NUTF2, RAE1, PPP3CA, KPNB1, C11orf73, NUP93, TMCO6, PRICKLE1, IPO9, PPP1R10, NUP88, NUP58, NUP85, NUP62CL, TXNIP, NUP50

GO:0006607

BP

NLS-bearing protein import into nucleus

The directed movement of a protein bearing a nuclear localization signal (NLS) from the cytoplasm into the nucleus, across the nuclear membrane.

IPO5, KPNA3, KPNA4, TNPO2, FYB, KPNA5, RANBP6, RANBP2, KPNA2, KPNA1, CBLB, DAG1, KPNB1, NUP35, IPO4, RERE, TRPS1

GO:0006610

BP

ribosomal protein import into nucleus

The directed movement of a ribosomal protein from the cytoplasm into the nucleus, across the nuclear membrane.

IPO5, TNPO2, RANBP6, KPNB1, IPO4

GO:0006611

BP

protein export from nucleus

The directed movement of a protein from the nucleus into the cytoplasm.

XPO1, NUPL2, AHCYL1, TGFB1, EGR2, CALR, GSK3B, CSE1L, NUTF2, EIF5A, CRB1, PKD1, NUP88, CHP1, XPO4, STRADB, NXT1

GO:0006612

BP

protein targeting to membrane

The process of directing proteins towards a membrane, usually using signals contained within the protein.

MYO1C, SDCBP, ICMT, CHM, ADORA1, PRKCI, PARD3, RAB3IP, SEC63, RABGEF1, TAOK2

GO:0006613

BP

cotranslational protein targeting to membrane

The targeting of proteins to a membrane that occurs during translation. The transport of most secretory proteins, particularly those with more than 100 amino acids, into the endoplasmic reticulum lumen occurs in this manner, as does the import of some proteins into mitochondria.

SRP14, SSR1, TRAM2, ARL6IP1, SEC62

GO:0006614

BP

SRP-dependent cotranslational protein targeting to membrane

The targeting of proteins to a membrane that occurs during translation and is dependent upon two key components, the signal-recognition particle (SRP) and the SRP receptor. SRP is a cytosolic particle that transiently binds to the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) signal sequence in a nascent protein, to the large ribosomal unit, and to the SRP receptor in the ER membrane.

SRP72, RPLP1, RPLP2, RPLP0, RPS17, RPSA, RPS2, RPL35A, RPL7, RPL17, RPS4Y1, RPL13, RPL10, RPL12, RPL22, RPL4, SRP14, RPL13A, RPS27, RPL35, RPL27A, RPL5, RPL21, RPL28, RPS9, RPS5, RPS10, RPL29, RPL34, SRP9, RPL14, RPS20, SRP54, RPS3A, RPL26, RPL15, RPL27, RPL37A, SEC61A1, RPL37, RPS7, RPS8, RPS15A, RPS16, RPS14, RPS18, RPS13, RPS11, RPL7A, RPL23A, RPS6, RPS25, RPS26, RPL30, RPL31, RPL10A, RPL32, RPL11, RPL41, RPS27A, UBA52, RPL38, RPS21, RPL24, RPL36A, RPL19, RPL18A, RPL18, SEC63, SSR3, RPL36, SRPRB

GO:0006616

BP

SRP-dependent cotranslational protein targeting to membrane, translocation

The process during cotranslational membrane targeting wherein proteins move across a membrane. SRP and its receptor initiate the transfer of the nascent chain across the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) membrane; they then dissociate from the chain, which is transferred to a set of transmembrane proteins, collectively called the translocon. Once the nascent chain translocon complex is assembled, the elongating chain passes directly from the large ribosomal subunit into the centers of the translocon, a protein-lined channel within the membrane. The growing chain is never exposed to the cytosol and does not fold until it reaches the ER lumen.

SRP9, SRP54, ZFAND2B

GO:0006617

BP

SRP-dependent cotranslational protein targeting to membrane, signal sequence recognition

The process in which SRP binds to the signal peptide in a nascent protein, causing protein elongation to pause, during cotranslational membrane targeting.

SRP54

GO:0006620

BP

posttranslational protein targeting to membrane

The targeting of proteins to a membrane that occurs after their translation. Some secretory proteins exhibit posttranslational transport into the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) lumen: they are synthesized in their entirety on free cytosolic ribosomes and then released into the cytosol, where they are bound by chaperones which keep them in an unfolded state, and subsequently are translocated across the ER membrane.

SEC61A1, SEC62, CHMP4B, SEC63

GO:0006621

BP

protein retention in ER lumen

The retention in the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) lumen of soluble resident proteins. Sorting receptors retrieve proteins with ER localization signals, such as KDEL and HDEL sequences or some transmembrane domains, that have escaped to the cis-Golgi network and return them to the ER. Abnormally folded proteins and unassembled subunits are also selectively retained in the ER.

KDELR3, KDELR1, PDIA3, OS9

GO:0006622

BP

protein targeting to lysosome

The process of directing proteins towards the lysosome using signals contained within the protein.

RAB7A, SNX16, NCOA4, ZFYVE16, SORL1, NAGPA, AP3M1

GO:0006623

BP

protein targeting to vacuole

The process of directing proteins towards the vacuole, usually using signals contained within the protein.

GOSR2, VPS13C, PIK3R4, VTI1B

GO:0006625

BP

protein targeting to peroxisome

The process of directing proteins towards the peroxisome, usually using signals contained within the protein.

PEX12, ZFAND6, LONP2

GO:0006626

BP

protein targeting to mitochondrion

The process of directing proteins towards and into the mitochondrion, usually mediated by mitochondrial proteins that recognize signals contained within the imported protein.

AIP, TIMM23, TIMM17B, MFN2, TOMM40, TSPO, BID, TOMM20, TOMM5, MGARP, DNAJC19, TRNT1, TIMM17A, MFF, TOMM22, TOMM7, TIMM10B

GO:0006627

BP

protein processing involved in protein targeting to mitochondrion

The cleavage of peptide bonds in proteins, usually near the N terminus, contributing to the process of import into the mitochondrion. Several different peptidases mediate cleavage of proteins destined for different mitochondrial compartments.

PMPCA, MIPEP

GO:0006629

BP

lipid metabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways involving lipids, compounds soluble in an organic solvent but not, or sparingly, in an aqueous solvent. Includes fatty acids; neutral fats, other fatty-acid esters, and soaps; long-chain (fatty) alcohols and waxes; sphingoids and other long-chain bases; glycolipids, phospholipids and sphingolipids; and carotenes, polyprenols, sterols, terpenes and other isoprenoids.

PLPP1, PLPP3, TPP1, MGST3, PLIN1, ACSL4, SC5D, CH25H, LDLR, APOC1, APOD, CYP3A4, CLU, G6PD, PC, CD36, IL1RN, PTGS1, NR2F2, AOAH, CHKA, HMGCL, SREBF1, PPARG, LEP, ALDH3B2, PITPNB, FABP6, UCP3, PAFAH1B2, LRP2, PITPNA, FABP5, HMGCS1, OCRL, PPARD, PPARA, SREBF2, PDE3A, STARD3, ACOX1, PAFAH1B3, PLCL1, PLA1A, TECRL, SLC27A4, BTN2A1, NPHP3, LRP10, JAZF1, TPRA1, CNEP1R1, TRPV1, ABHD4, OMA1, FAR2, MGLL, HSD17B10, APOL2, ACAT2, OSBPL10, MID1IP1, GDE1, PEMT, PLCL2, LIPT1, LIPG, CEPT1

GO:0006631

BP

fatty acid metabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways involving fatty acids, aliphatic monocarboxylic acids liberated from naturally occurring fats and oils by hydrolysis.

NDUFS6, LYPLA1, LYPLA2, C3, FABP3, TH, GHR, PRKAR2B, SNCA, STAT5A, ACADSB, FASN, STAT5B, UCP3, CREM, PPARA, MSMO1, AASDH, THEM4, FA2H, GPAT4, AACS, ABHD5, ALKBH7, MECR, GPAM, PNPLA8, CROT, CRYL1

GO:0006633

BP

fatty acid biosynthetic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of a fatty acid, any of the aliphatic monocarboxylic acids that can be liberated by hydrolysis from naturally occurring fats and oils. Fatty acids are predominantly straight-chain acids of 4 to 24 carbon atoms, which may be saturated or unsaturated; branched fatty acids and hydroxy fatty acids also occur, and very long chain acids of over 30 carbons are found in waxes.

HACD1, ACACB, NDUFAB1, SC5D, CH25H, LPL, XBP1, ABCD3, BRCA1, FASN, PRKAG1, PRKAA2, MSMO1, ACSM3, HSD17B12, FA2H, MGLL, MECR, ELOVL4, PRKAG3

GO:0006635

BP

fatty acid beta-oxidation

A fatty acid oxidation process that results in the complete oxidation of a long-chain fatty acid. Fatty acid beta-oxidation begins with the addition of coenzyme A to a fatty acid, and occurs by successive cycles of reactions during each of which the fatty acid is shortened by a two-carbon fragment removed as acetyl coenzyme A; the cycle continues until only two or three carbons remain (as acetyl-CoA or propionyl-CoA respectively).

SLC27A2, SLC25A17, ECI2, ABCD3, ECHS1, LEP, ECI1, ACADVL, CPT1A, HSD17B4, HADHB, SESN2, PPARD, ECH1, AUH, ADIPOQ, DECR1, HADH, HIBCH, ECHDC2, CPT1B, BDH2, ACAT2, CROT

GO:0006636

BP

unsaturated fatty acid biosynthetic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of an unsaturated fatty acid, any fatty acid containing one or more double bonds between carbon atoms.

ELOVL7, SCD, FADS1, FADS2, SCD5, ELOVL1, ELOVL4, ELOVL6, ELOVL5

GO:0006637

BP

acyl-CoA metabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways involving acyl-CoA, any derivative of coenzyme A in which the sulfhydryl group is in thiolester linkage with an acyl group.

ACOT8, HMGCL, GPAT4, ACOT4, GPAM, ACSL6, ACOT9

GO:0006638

BP

neutral lipid metabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways involving neutral lipids, lipids only soluble in solvents of very low polarity.

SNCA

GO:0006641

BP

triglyceride metabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways involving triglyceride, any triester of glycerol. The three fatty acid residues may all be the same or differ in any permutation. Triglycerides are important components of plant oils, animal fats and animal plasma lipoproteins.

INSIG1, ACSL4, APOE, APOA2, APOC1, APOC3, APOH, CYP2E1, LPL, GPX1, GK, ACSL1, G6PC, CPT1A, CAV1, PTPN11, APOBR, APOA5, PCSK9, LMF1, SEL1L

GO:0006642

BP

triglyceride mobilization

The release of triglycerides, any triester of glycerol, from storage within cells or tissues, making them available for metabolism.

APOB, LPIN1

GO:0006643

BP

membrane lipid metabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways involving membrane lipids, any lipid found in or associated with a biological membrane.

B4GALT4

GO:0006644

BP

phospholipid metabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways involving phospholipids, any lipid containing phosphoric acid as a mono- or diester.

PLPP1, PLPP3, APOA1, LPL, PLA2G2A, GPX4, SNCA, PLA2G5, NKX2-1, PLA2G4A, PLCD1, PLA2G16, PLPPR4, PCSK9, PLPP5, ABHD4, GATA6, PLPPR2, ACP6, LGALS13, PLA2G4C, PLAA

GO:0006646

BP

phosphatidylethanolamine biosynthetic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of phosphatidylethanolamine, any of a class of glycerophospholipids in which a phosphatidyl group is esterified to the hydroxyl group of ethanolamine.

ALOX15, CHKA, LPIN1, SLC27A1, PCYT2, EPT1, ETNK1, CHKB, CEPT1

GO:0006650

BP

glycerophospholipid metabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways involving glycerophospholipids, any derivative of glycerophosphate that contains at least one O-acyl, O-alkyl, or O-alkenyl group attached to the glycerol residue.

GNPAT, PEMT

GO:0006651

BP

diacylglycerol biosynthetic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of diacylglycerol, a glyceride in which any two of the R groups (positions not specified) are acyl groups while the remaining R group can be either H or an alkyl group.

ANG

GO:0006654

BP

phosphatidic acid biosynthetic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of phosphatidic acid, any derivative of glycerol phosphate in which both the remaining hydroxyl groups of the glycerol moiety are esterified with fatty acids.

GNPAT, PLA2G2A, PLA2G5, PLA2G4A, PLD1, GPAT3, SLC27A1, LCLAT1, GPAT4, ABHD5, PLA2G12A, GPAM, AGPAT4, AGPAT3

GO:0006655

BP

phosphatidylglycerol biosynthetic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of phosphatidylglycerols, any of a class of phospholipids in which the phosphatidyl group is esterified to the hydroxyl group of glycerol.

CDS2, PGS1, SLC27A1, CDS1

GO:0006656

BP

phosphatidylcholine biosynthetic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of phosphatidylcholines, any of a class of glycerophospholipids in which the phosphatidyl group is esterified to the hydroxyl group of choline.

APOA1, APOA2, CHKA, PCYT1A, FABP5, LPIN1, SLC27A1, GPAT4, SLC44A2, SLC44A3, SLC44A5, SLC44A1, PEMT, CHKB, PCYT1B, CEPT1

GO:0006657

BP

CDP-choline pathway

The phosphatidylcholine biosynthetic process that begins with the phosphorylation of choline and ends with the combination of CDP-choline with diacylglycerol to form phosphatidylcholine.

CHKA, PCYT1A, CDS1, CHKB, PCYT1B, CEPT1

GO:0006658

BP

phosphatidylserine metabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways involving phosphatidylserines, any of a class of glycerophospholipids in which the phosphatidyl group is esterified to the hydroxyl group of L-serine. They are important constituents of cell membranes.

SERINC3, PLA1A, SERINC5, SERINC2, SERINC1

GO:0006659

BP

phosphatidylserine biosynthetic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of phosphatidylserines, any of a class of glycerophospholipids in which the phosphatidyl group is esterified to the hydroxyl group of L-serine.

PLSCR1, PTDSS1, SLC27A1

GO:0006660

BP

phosphatidylserine catabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of phosphatidylserines, any of a class of glycerophospholipids in which the phosphatidyl group is esterified to the hydroxyl group of L-serine.

ABHD12

GO:0006661

BP

phosphatidylinositol biosynthetic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of phosphatidylinositol, any glycophospholipid in which the sn-glycerol 3-phosphate residue is esterified to the 1-hydroxyl group of 1D-myo-inositol.

PIK3CD, PIK3C2A, PIP5K1B, SYNJ2, INPP4B, SYNJ1, PIP5K1C, FGF2, PLCG2, PIK3R1, IMPA1, PIK3CA, PIK3CB, PIK3CG, PTEN, PIP4K2B, ARF1, OCRL, MTM1, MTMR1, MTMR2, SLC27A1, PIK3C3, INPP5D, CDS1, SH3YL1, INPP4A, PIK3R4, INPP5K, INPP5E, MTMR4, PI4KB, PIKFYVE

GO:0006662

BP

glycerol ether metabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways involving glycerol ethers, any anhydride formed between two organic hydroxy compounds, one of which is glycerol.

TXN, TXN2

GO:0006663

BP

platelet activating factor biosynthetic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of platelet activating factor, 1-O-alkyl-2-acetyl-sn-glycerol 3-phosphocholine, where alkyl = hexadecyl or octadecyl. Platelet activating factor is an inflammatory mediator released from a variety of cells in response to various stimuli.

PLA2G5, PLA2G4A, LPCAT2

GO:0006664

BP

glycolipid metabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways involving glycolipids, a class of 1,2-di-O-acylglycerols joined at oxygen 3 by a glycosidic linkage to a carbohydrate part (usually a mono-, di- or tri-saccharide). Some substances classified as bacterial glycolipids have the sugar group acylated by one or more fatty acids and the glycerol group may be absent.

KDELC1, KDELC2, ST6GALNAC4, ST3GAL6

GO:0006665

BP

sphingolipid metabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways involving sphingolipids, any of a class of lipids containing the long-chain amine diol sphingosine or a closely related base (a sphingoid).

TH, SERINC3, SERINC5, SERINC2, SERINC1

GO:0006670

BP

sphingosine metabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways involving sphingosine (sphing-4-enine), trans-D-erytho-2-amino-octadec-4-ene-1,3-diol, a long chain amino diol sphingoid base that occurs in most sphingolipids in animal tissues.

SGPP2, SPHK1

GO:0006672

BP

ceramide metabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways involving ceramides, any N-acylated sphingoid.

PPP2R1A, CLN3, ASAH1, ORMDL2, NSMAF

GO:0006678

BP

glucosylceramide metabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways involving glucosylceramides, any compound formed by the replacement of the glycosidic hydroxyl group of a cyclic form of glucose by a ceramide group. They are neutral glycolipids containing equimolar amounts of fatty acid, glucose, and sphingosine or a sphingosine derivative.

CLN3

GO:0006679

BP

glucosylceramide biosynthetic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of glucosylceramides, any compound formed by the replacement of the glycosidic hydroxyl group of a cyclic form of glucose by a ceramide group.

UGCG

GO:0006680

BP

glucosylceramide catabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of glucosylceramides, any compound formed by the replacement of the glycosidic hydroxyl group of a cyclic form of glucose by a ceramide group.

GBA2

GO:0006681

BP

galactosylceramide metabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways involving galactosylceramides, any compound formed by the replacement of the glycosidic hydroxyl group of a cyclic form of galactose by a ceramide group.

CLN3

GO:0006683

BP

galactosylceramide catabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of galactosylceramides, any compound formed by the replacement of the glycosidic hydroxyl group of a cyclic form of galactose by a ceramide group.

GALC

GO:0006684

BP

sphingomyelin metabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways involving sphingomyelin, N-acyl-4-sphingenyl-1-O-phosphorylcholine, any of a class of phospholipids in which the amino group of sphingosine is in amide linkage with one of several fatty acids, while the terminal hydroxyl group of sphingosine is esterified to phosphorylcholine.

CLN3

GO:0006685

BP

sphingomyelin catabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of sphingomyelin, N-acyl-4-sphingenyl-1-O-phosphorylcholine.

SMPD4

GO:0006686

BP

sphingomyelin biosynthetic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of sphingomyelin, N-acyl-4-sphingenyl-1-O-phosphorylcholine.

SPTLC2, SGMS1, SGMS2

GO:0006687

BP

glycosphingolipid metabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways involving glycosphingolipids, any compound with residues of sphingoid and at least one monosaccharide.

HEXA, PSAP, STS, KIT, ARSA, ARSB, GM2A, ARSD, GALC, CREM, BAX, ASAH1, UGCG, ARSK, SUMF1, NEU1, GBA2, SMPD4, GLTP

GO:0006688

BP

glycosphingolipid biosynthetic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of glycosphingolipid, a compound with residues of sphingoid and at least one monosaccharide.

LARGE, UGCG, ST6GALNAC5

GO:0006689

BP

ganglioside catabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of ganglioside, a ceramide oligosaccharide carrying, in addition to other sugar residues, one or more sialic residues.

GM2A, NEU1

GO:0006690

BP

icosanoid metabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways involving icosanoids, any of a group of C20 polyunsaturated fatty acids.

PLA2G4A, PTGIS

GO:0006691

BP

leukotriene metabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways involving leukotriene, a pharmacologically active substance derived from a polyunsaturated fatty acid, such as arachidonic acid.

TLR2, ALOX5, ALOX15, ABCC1, MAPKAPK2, PTGR1

GO:0006693

BP

prostaglandin metabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways involving prostaglandins, any of a group of biologically active metabolites which contain a cyclopentane ring due to the formation of a bond between two carbons of a fatty acid. They have a wide range of biological activities.

PTGES, HPGD, PTGS2, AKR1C3, AKR1C2, PTGR1, ACOX1, PDPN

GO:0006694

BP

steroid biosynthetic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of steroids, compounds with a 1,2,cyclopentanoperhydrophenanthrene nucleus; includes de novo formation and steroid interconversion by modification.

CYP17A1, CYP21A2, CYP19A1, HSD3B1, HSD17B1, PRLR, SRD5A1, HSD3B2, TSPO, SRD5A2, HSD17B2, FDFT1, PBX1, LSS, STAR, NR0B1, CYP51A1, HSD17B12, HSD17B11, HINT2, ACBD3

GO:0006695

BP

cholesterol biosynthetic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of cholesterol, cholest-5-en-3 beta-ol, the principal sterol of vertebrates and the precursor of many steroids, including bile acids and steroid hormones.

INSIG1, TM7SF2, CYB5R3, APOA1, HMGCR, G6PD, CFTR, FDPS, FDFT1, LSS, MVD, PRKAA2, HSD17B7, HMGCS1, MVK, IDI1, SQLE, EBP, DHCR24, NSDHL, MSMO1, CYP51A1, APOA5, IDI2, DHCR7

GO:0006696

BP

ergosterol biosynthetic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of ergosterol, (22E)-ergosta-5,7,22-trien-3-beta-ol, a sterol found in ergot, yeast and moulds.

FDFT1, C14orf1

GO:0006699

BP

bile acid biosynthetic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of bile acids, any of a group of steroid carboxylic acids occurring in bile.

ACOT8, SLC27A2, CH25H, SCP2, STAR, HSD17B4, ACOX2, HSD3B7, CYP8B1

GO:0006700

BP

C21-steroid hormone biosynthetic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of C21-steroid hormones, steroid compounds containing 21 carbons which function as hormones.

CYP11A1, FDX1, AKR1B1, CYP11B1, CYP11B2, STAR, FDX1L

GO:0006701

BP

progesterone biosynthetic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of progesterone, a steroid hormone produced in the ovary which prepares and maintains the uterus for pregnancy. Also found in plants.

FSHB, LHB, ADM, STARD3

GO:0006702

BP

androgen biosynthetic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of androgens, C19 steroid hormones that can stimulate the development of male sexual characteristics.

HSD17B6, CYP17A1, HSD3B1, SRD5A1, HSD3B2, SRD5A2, SCARB1

GO:0006703

BP

estrogen biosynthetic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of estrogens, C18 steroid hormones that can stimulate the development of female sexual characteristics. Also found in plants.

CYP19A1, HSD3B1, HSD17B1, STAR, HSD17B7, HSD17B12, HSD17B11

GO:0006704

BP

glucocorticoid biosynthetic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of glucocorticoids, hormonal C21 corticosteroids synthesized from cholesterol.

CYP17A1, CYP11A1, CYP21A2, HSD3B1, CYP11B1, HSD3B2, HSD11B1, HSD11B2

GO:0006705

BP

mineralocorticoid biosynthetic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of mineralocorticoids, hormonal C21 corticosteroids synthesized from cholesterol.

CYP21A2, HSD3B1, CYP11B2, HSD3B2

GO:0006706

BP

steroid catabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of steroids, compounds with a 1,2,cyclopentanoperhydrophenanthrene nucleus.

CYP3A4, STS, SRD5A2

GO:0006707

BP

cholesterol catabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of cholesterol, cholest-5-en-3 beta-ol, the principal sterol of vertebrates and the precursor of many steroids, including bile acids and steroid hormones.

APOE, MT3, SCARF1, SCARB1

GO:0006710

BP

androgen catabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of androgens, C19 steroid hormones that can stimulate the development of male sexual characteristics.

HSD17B6, HSD17B11

GO:0006711

BP

estrogen catabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of estrogens, C18 steroid hormones that can stimulate the development of female sexual characteristics. Also found in plants.

UGT2B4

GO:0006713

BP

glucocorticoid catabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of glucocorticoids, hormonal C21 corticosteroids synthesized from cholesterol.

YWHAH

GO:0006725

BP

cellular aromatic compound metabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways involving aromatic compounds, any organic compound characterized by one or more planar rings, each of which contains conjugated double bonds and delocalized pi electrons, as carried out by individual cells.

SQLE, CYP1B1

GO:0006726

BP

eye pigment biosynthetic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of eye pigments, any general or particular coloring matter in living organisms, found or utilized in the eye.

AP3D1, TYR

GO:0006729

BP

tetrahydrobiopterin biosynthetic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of tetrahydrobiopterin, the reduced form of biopterin (2-amino-4-hydroxy-6-(1,2-dihydroxypropyl)-pteridine). It functions as a hydroxylation coenzyme, e.g. in the conversion of phenylalanine to tyrosine.

DHFR, QDPR

GO:0006730

BP

one-carbon metabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways involving the transfer of one-carbon units in various oxidation states.

CA12, AHCYL1, ALDH1L1, DHFR, CA2, CA3, MTHFD1, MTHFD2, CA4, AHCY, MAT2A, CA8, ALDH1L2, MTHFD1L, CA13, MTHFD2L, MAT2B

GO:0006734

BP

NADH metabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways involving reduced nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NADH), a coenzyme present in most living cells and derived from the B vitamin nicotinic acid.

IDH3B, MDH1, MDH2, VCP, OGDH, MDH1B

GO:0006738

BP

nicotinamide riboside catabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of nicotinamide riboside, the product of the formation of a glycosidic bond between ribose and nicotinamide.

PNP

GO:0006739

BP

NADP metabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways involving nicotinamide-adenine dinucleotide phosphate, a coenzyme involved in many redox and biosynthetic reactions; metabolism may be of either the oxidized form, NADP, or the reduced form, NADPH.

G6PD, DCXR, FMO2

GO:0006740

BP

NADPH regeneration

A metabolic process that generates a pool of NADPH by the reduction of NADP+.

IDH1, G6PD

GO:0006741

BP

NADP biosynthetic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of nicotinamide-adenine dinucleotide phosphate, a coenzyme involved in many redox and biosynthetic reactions; biosynthesis may be of either the oxidized form, NADP, or the reduced form, NADPH.

NADK2

GO:0006743

BP

ubiquinone metabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways involving ubiquinone, a lipid-soluble electron-transporting coenzyme.

HMGCR

GO:0006744

BP

ubiquinone biosynthetic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of ubiquinone, a lipid-soluble electron-transporting coenzyme.

PDSS1, PDSS2, COQ2, COQ3, COQ4

GO:0006749

BP

glutathione metabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways involving glutathione, the tripeptide glutamylcysteinylglycine, which acts as a coenzyme for some enzymes and as an antioxidant in the protection of sulfhydryl groups in enzymes and other proteins; it has a specific role in the reduction of hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) and oxidized ascorbate, and it participates in the gamma-glutamyl cycle.

OPLAH, GSTA4, EEF1E1, GSTZ1, IDH1, ETHE1, GSR, GPX1, GSTA1, GSTP1, GSTM1, GSTT2, MGST1, G6PD, GSTM3, GSTM2, GSTT1, GSTO1, GSTM4, GLO1, GSTO2, GLRX2, GGT7, GSTK1

GO:0006750

BP

glutathione biosynthetic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of glutathione, the tripeptide glutamylcysteinylglycine, which acts as a coenzyme for some enzymes and as an antioxidant in the protection of sulfhydryl groups in enzymes and other proteins.

OPLAH, GCLC, GCLM, HAGH, CHAC2, MGST2, CHAC1, GGT7

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