Search Geneontologies

Geneontologies

GO ID Ontology GO Term Term Definition Proteins

GO:0006412

BP

translation

The cellular metabolic process in which a protein is formed, using the sequence of a mature mRNA molecule to specify the sequence of amino acids in a polypeptide chain. Translation is mediated by the ribosome, and begins with the formation of a ternary complex between aminoacylated initiator methionine tRNA, GTP, and initiation factor 2, which subsequently associates with the small subunit of the ribosome and an mRNA. Translation ends with the release of a polypeptide chain from the ribosome.

IGF2BP3, MRPS12, SLC25A17, MRPS14, SLC25A12, GATB, SLC25A14, EGFR, SLC25A5, RPLP1, RPLP2, RPLP0, RPS17, RPSA, HARS, SLC25A4, DARS, RPS2, SLC25A16, RPL35A, RPL7, RPL17, RPS4Y1, UCP1, RPL13, TARS, RPL10, RPL12, AKT1, RPL22, RPL4, RPL13A, RPS27, RPL35, RPL27A, RPL5, RPL21, RPL28, RPS9, RPS5, RPS10, RPL29, RPL34, DHPS, HARS2, SARS, RPL14, SLC25A1, UCP2, UCP3, RPS20, RPS3A, RPL26, RPL15, RPL27, RPL37A, RPL37, RPS7, RPS8, RPS15A, RPS16, RPS14, RPS18, RPS13, RPS11, RPL7A, RPL23A, RPS6, RPS25, RPS26, RPL30, RPL31, RPL10A, RPL32, RPL11, RPL41, RPS27A, RPL38, RPS21, MRPS5, MRPS36, MRPS21, RPL24, RPL36A, RPL19, SLC25A3, RPL18A, RPL18, EIF4EBP2, GTF2H2, MRPL23, CPEB4, MRPL51, SLC25A30, SLC25A26, RPS27L, CPEB2, MRPL55, MRPL52, MRPL41, GUF1, CPEB3, ABCF1, SLC25A43, GCN1, RPL36AL, SLC25A36, RPL39L, SLC25A44, MRPL34, SLC25A23, MRPL32, MRPL4, MRPL1, MRPL37, SLC25A39, SLC25A18, METTL17, SLC25A19, MRPS18A, SLC25A37, MRPL35, MRPL36, RRBP1, SLC25A10, SLC25A13, AGO2, MRPS2, RPL36, HBS1L, SLC25A15, MRPS18B, MRPL42

GO:0006413

BP

translational initiation

The process preceding formation of the peptide bond between the first two amino acids of a protein. This includes the formation of a complex of the ribosome, mRNA, and an initiation complex that contains the first aminoacyl-tRNA.

EIF4G3, EIF4E2, EIF1B, EIF5B, EIF3J, EIF2S1, RPLP1, RPLP2, RPLP0, EIF4E, RPS17, RPSA, RPS2, RPL35A, RPL7, RPL17, RPS4Y1, EIF4B, RPL13, RPL10, RPL12, RPL22, RPL4, RPL13A, EIF2S3, EIF1, RPS27, RPL35, RPL27A, RPL5, RPL21, RPL28, RPS9, RPS5, RPS10, EIF1AX, RPL29, RPL34, RPL14, EIF5, EIF3B, EIF6, EIF4A1, RPS20, ABCE1, RPS3A, RPL26, RPL15, RPL27, RPL37A, RPL37, RPS7, RPS8, RPS15A, RPS16, RPS14, RPS18, RPS13, RPS11, RPL7A, RPL23A, RPS6, RPS25, RPS26, RPL30, RPL31, RPL10A, RPL32, RPL11, RPL41, RPS27A, UBA52, RPL38, RPS21, RPL24, RPL36A, RPL19, RPL18A, RPL18, EIF2B5, EIF3A, EIF2B1, EIF4A2, LARP1, DHX29, EIF1AD, MTFMT, PAIP1, EIF2B3, EIF3K, EIF2B4, AGO2, RPL36

GO:0006414

BP

translational elongation

The successive addition of amino acid residues to a nascent polypeptide chain during protein biosynthesis.

EEF1E1, RPLP1, RPLP2, EEF2, EEF1B2, EEF1D, TSFM, EEF1A1, EEF1A2, HBS1L

GO:0006415

BP

translational termination

The process resulting in the release of a polypeptide chain from the ribosome, usually in response to a termination codon (UAA, UAG, or UGA in the universal genetic code).

ABCE1, N6AMT1

GO:0006417

BP

regulation of translation

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of proteins by the translation of mRNA.

MIF4GD, FOXO3, CDC123, TYMS, APP, S100A9, EIF4E, AKT1, AKT2, RGS2, MTPN, RPS14, RPL38, SARNP, RBM3, PUM3, PIWIL4, LSM14A, NGDN, GCN1, PTCD3, DNAJC1, RBM4B, LARP6, TACO1, MKNK1, MKNK2, EIF2B4, PA2G4, RBM8A, ZNF706

GO:0006418

BP

tRNA aminoacylation for protein translation

The synthesis of aminoacyl tRNA by the formation of an ester bond between the 3'-hydroxyl group of the most 3' adenosine of the tRNA, to be used in ribosome-mediated polypeptide synthesis.

EEF1E1, FARS2, EPRS, HARS, DARS, TARS, HARS2, SARS, RARS, YARS, LARS2, KARS, PPA2, FARSA

GO:0006420

BP

arginyl-tRNA aminoacylation

The process of coupling arginine to arginyl-tRNA, catalyzed by arginyl-tRNA synthetase. In tRNA aminoacylation, the amino acid is first activated by linkage to AMP and then transferred to either the 2'- or the 3'-hydroxyl group of the 3'-adenosine residue of the tRNA.

RARS

GO:0006422

BP

aspartyl-tRNA aminoacylation

The process of coupling aspartate to aspartyl-tRNA, catalyzed by aspartyl-tRNA synthetase. In tRNA aminoacylation, the amino acid is first activated by linkage to AMP and then transferred to either the 2'- or the 3'-hydroxyl group of the 3'-adenosine residue of the tRNA.

DARS

GO:0006424

BP

glutamyl-tRNA aminoacylation

The process of coupling glutamate to glutamyl-tRNA, catalyzed by glutamyl-tRNA synthetase. In tRNA aminoacylation, the amino acid is first activated by linkage to AMP and then transferred to either the 2'- or the 3'-hydroxyl group of the 3'- adenosine residue of the tRNA.

EPRS, EARS2

GO:0006427

BP

histidyl-tRNA aminoacylation

The process of coupling histidine to histidyl-tRNA, catalyzed by histidyl-tRNA synthetase. In tRNA aminoacylation, the amino acid is first activated by linkage to AMP and then transferred to either the 2'- or the 3'-hydroxyl group of the 3'-adenosine residue of the tRNA.

HARS, HARS2

GO:0006429

BP

leucyl-tRNA aminoacylation

The process of coupling leucine to leucyl-tRNA, catalyzed by leucyl-tRNA synthetase. In tRNA aminoacylation, the amino acid is first activated by linkage to AMP and then transferred to either the 2'- or the 3'-hydroxyl group of the 3'-adenosine residue of the tRNA.

LARS2

GO:0006430

BP

lysyl-tRNA aminoacylation

The process of coupling lysine to lysyl-tRNA, catalyzed by lysyl-tRNA synthetase. In tRNA aminoacylation, the amino acid is first activated by linkage to AMP and then transferred to either the 2'- or the 3'-hydroxyl group of the 3'-adenosine residue of the tRNA.

KARS

GO:0006432

BP

phenylalanyl-tRNA aminoacylation

The process of coupling phenylalanine to phenylalanyl-tRNA, catalyzed by phenylalanyl-tRNA synthetase. In tRNA aminoacylation, the amino acid is first activated by linkage to AMP and then transferred to either the 2'- or the 3'-hydroxyl group of the 3'-adenosine residue of the tRNA.

FARS2, FARSA

GO:0006433

BP

prolyl-tRNA aminoacylation

The process of coupling proline to prolyl-tRNA, catalyzed by prolyl-tRNA synthetase. In tRNA aminoacylation, the amino acid is first activated by linkage to AMP and then transferred to either the 2'- or the 3'-hydroxyl group of the 3'-adenosine residue of the tRNA.

EPRS, PARS2

GO:0006434

BP

seryl-tRNA aminoacylation

The process of coupling serine to seryl-tRNA, catalyzed by seryl-tRNA synthetase. In tRNA aminoacylation, the amino acid is first activated by linkage to AMP and then transferred to either the 2'- or the 3'-hydroxyl group of the 3'-adenosine residue of the tRNA.

SARS

GO:0006435

BP

threonyl-tRNA aminoacylation

The process of coupling threonine to threonyl-tRNA, catalyzed by threonyl-tRNA synthetase. In tRNA aminoacylation, the amino acid is first activated by linkage to AMP and then transferred to either the 2'- or the 3'-hydroxyl group of the 3'-adenosine residue of the tRNA.

TARS

GO:0006437

BP

tyrosyl-tRNA aminoacylation

The process of coupling tyrosine to tyrosyl-tRNA, catalyzed by tyrosyl-tRNA synthetase. In tRNA aminoacylation, the amino acid is first activated by linkage to AMP and then transferred to either the 2'- or the 3'-hydroxyl group of the 3'-adenosine residue of the tRNA.

YARS

GO:0006438

BP

valyl-tRNA aminoacylation

The process of coupling valine to valyl-tRNA, catalyzed by valyl-tRNA synthetase. In tRNA aminoacylation, the amino acid is first activated by linkage to AMP and then transferred to either the 2'- or the 3'-hydroxyl group of the 3'-adenosine residue of the tRNA.

YARS

GO:0006446

BP

regulation of translational initiation

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of translational initiation.

CTIF, EIF4G3, EIF1B, EIF5B, EIF3J, HSPB1, EIF4B, EIF1, EIF5, EIF3B, EIF4A1, NCBP1, EIF3A, EIF2B1, EIF4A2, EIF2AK4, EIF3K

GO:0006449

BP

regulation of translational termination

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of translational termination.

HRSP12

GO:0006450

BP

regulation of translational fidelity

Any process that modulates the ability of the translational apparatus to interpret the genetic code.

GATC, RPS5, LARS2, DTD2

GO:0006452

BP

translational frameshifting

A mechanism whereby different proteins may result from a single mRNA molecule, due to a change in the parsing of three nucleotides per codon relative to an initiating AUG codon.

EIF5A, EIF5A2

GO:0006457

BP

protein folding

The process of assisting in the covalent and noncovalent assembly of single chain polypeptides or multisubunit complexes into the correct tertiary structure.

CLGN, PFDN6, PPIH, DNAJB6, MPDU1, RP2, CLPX, BAG2, CRYAB, APCS, GNAI2, HSP90AB1, GNAI3, TXN, PDIA4, PRKCSH, GNB3, TCP1, ATF6, DNAJB2, CALR, CANX, ERP29, PDIA3, PPIF, NKTR, LRPAP1, DNAJA1, CCT6A, PPIC, CCT3, RANBP2, RGS7, CCT8, HSPE1, GNB1, GNB2, PPIA, GNAI1, CCT2, FKBP4, PPID, PPIL2, PDCL, PPIG, FKBP5, NFYC, MLEC, PDIA5, GANAB, PDIA6, CDC37, DNAJC21, TXNDC11, CWC27, QSOX2, ERO1B, PPIL4, NUDCD2, DNAJC19, ERO1A, DNAJC1, PFDN5, TTC1, DNAJC7, TXN2, CCT7, ERP44, TBCD, LMAN2L, TMX4, PDCL3, GRPEL1, DNAJC4, MKKS, PFDN4, SPHK1, DNAJB4, BAG5, PPIE, RUVBL2

GO:0006458

BP

de novo' protein folding

The process of assisting in the folding of a nascent peptide chain into its correct tertiary structure.

HSPD1

GO:0006461

BP

protein complex assembly

The aggregation, arrangement and bonding together of a set of components to form a protein complex.

WASL, KPNA3, TSPAN4, CLGN, MDM4, PPIH, NUPR1, LPXN, MITF, PEX14, GMNN, SKAP2, IKBKAP, FGA, CD74, TP53, CDK1, EPRS, LAMC1, SLC2A1, CCNB1, DARS, HMGA1, CAPN3, APC, FAS, MAPK3, PPP2R1A, PPP2R1B, OTX2, CAPG, SOX9, KNTC1, CAPZA1, SH3BGR, VAMP2, DLG4, SLC7A9, MDM2, APBA1, PPID, TRAF1, CHAF1A, CHAF1B, PICALM, HES1, TCEB2, VAMP3, OCLN, HFE, REPS2, DLG5, GEMIN5, PARD3, SLC7A6, CREBBP, KIFAP3, MAGI1, RANBP9, CARD10, SSBP3, NIFK, PARD6B, IL1RAP, MDN1, MPP6, PPARGC1A, SLC7A7, ZNF148

GO:0006463

BP

steroid hormone receptor complex assembly

The aggregation, arrangement and bonding together of a set of components to form a steroid hormone receptor complex, an intracellular receptor that binds steroid hormones. The complex is often a dimer, and forms after the steroid has bound the receptor.

FKBP4

GO:0006464

BP

cellular protein modification process

The covalent alteration of one or more amino acids occurring in proteins, peptides and nascent polypeptides (co-translational, post-translational modifications) occurring at the level of an individual cell. Includes the modification of charged tRNAs that are destined to occur in a protein (pre-translation modification).

WWP2, PLOD2, MAN2B1, ICMT, PLAT, CPE, CHRM3, LOX, AKT1, AKT2, USP6, GGCX, UBA7, ABL2, PHKA2, CDC34, SEPHS1, MMP15, RABGGTB, ADPRH, UBE2D3, UBE2M, UBA52, UBE2I, SLC35A1, PRKDC, PLOD1, ST3GAL1, PIGH, STK38, NEDD8, UBE2S, QPCT, ST3GAL2, TTLL9, ERO1B, FBXO22, TTL, ST8SIA4, BAP1, ERO1A, USP25, LCMT1, NAGPA, FBXL2, RIMKLB, PADI4, LIPT1, ST3GAL6, LOXL2, CSNK1G3

GO:0006465

BP

signal peptide processing

The proteolytic removal of a signal peptide from a protein during or after transport to a specific location in the cell.

CLN5, F2, BGLAP, FURIN, GAS6, SPCS2, SPPL3, SPPL2A, HM13, PCSK5, SEC11C

GO:0006468

BP

protein phosphorylation

The process of introducing a phosphate group on to a protein.

PIK3CD, PLK4, ADAM10, RIOK3, CASK, AURKA, DCLK1, FYB, SMAD9, BIRC5, IRAK2, MAP3K13, DAPK3, BUB1, NUAK1, CCNT1, BUB1B, CCNT2, JAK2, ROCK2, ULK1, ERN1, PRKRA, RPS6KA5, STK17B, IKBKAP, MAP4K4, LATS1, PDGFB, TGFB1, RAF1, ERBB2, NTRK1, APP, PRKCB, FYN, LYN, FGR, BCR, FGFR1, PSKH1, CDK4, BMP2, CCL2, CREB1, PRKCA, PRKACA, IGFBP3, ERCC2, NPR2, MAK, CDK11B, JAK1, ITPKA, MAPK3, PIK3R1, MAPK1, LTK, CDC25B, AKT1, ADRBK2, BMPR1A, ACVR1B, TGFBR1, TGFBR2, CSK, MAP3K8, PRKCI, PIK3CA, GRK6, SYK, MAPK8, MAPK9, PHKA2, PHKA1, CSNK1A1, CSNK1D, PIK3CG, MAPKAPK2, CDK8, CSNK1E, CLK2, GSK3B, CDK7, IRAK1, NEK2, NEK3, NEK4, JAK3, PLK1, DAPK1, LIMK2, PRKAG1, PRKAA2, SIK1, TGFB2, SRPK2, CCL8, CDK3, CDK6, CDK16, HSF1, GUCY2D, ACVR1, LIPE, PRKCD, RNASEL, DMPK, ST3GAL1, AKAP13, MERTK, ILF3, STK4, PAK2, PTK7, ILK, SQSTM1, PRPF4B, CAMK2D, RUNX3, GTF2H2, CAMK1, MORC3, FASTK, GAS6, PDK1, CDK10, PRKD1, STK38, RPS6KA1, MMD, MYLK, STK11, PKN1, PKN2, PDK4, DGUOK, AAK1, SBK1, PAN3, MLK4, CDC42BPA, MAST2, PNCK, AATK, NEK10, NEK8, CAMK1D, MAP4K3, TEX14, FAM20C, SCYL3, MINK1, STKLD1, PIK3C3, ANKK1, NEK11, NEK9, STK35, NEK7, GSG2, DYRK2, TBRG4, SGK3, ULK4, AURKB, RSRC1, PBK, MARK4, NEK1, ALPK1, PASK, TRIB3, TP53RK, SRPK1, PIK3R4, PKMYT1, MAP3K5, SMAD5, VRK1, MKNK1, CDK19, TRPM6, PINK1, WNK3, PRKD2, SIK2, TAOK3, HIPK2, WNK1, MKNK2, NEK6, LATS2, SNX15, NRBP2, BMP2K, ZAK, PLK2, MARK1, FNIP2, EIF2AK4, NLK, PRKAG3, TNIK, TLK1, CDK11A, AKT3, STK38L, SIK3, MAP4K5, CDC42BPB, IRAK3, STK24, XRCC6BP1

GO:0006469

BP

negative regulation of protein kinase activity

Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of protein kinase activity.

SOCS2, SOCS3, SOCS6, ITGB1BP1, SOCS1, FLRT2, GADD45B, LRP6, HSPB1, IL6, RB1, DCN, PTPRC, GSTP1, FABP4, BGN, GADD45A, AKT1, SFN, NF2, PPM1F, TSC2, GNAQ, PAK2, DNAJC3, ILK, PPP1R1A, SHB, RGN, PKN1, PODN, CAMK2N1, RTN4RL1, LRRTM4, CRIPAK, DEPTOR, UBASH3B, DUSP19, PPM1E, TRIB2, TRIB3, TRIB1, CHP1, DBNDD2, INPP5K, TAOK3, LRRC19, SMYD3, FLRT3, FLRT1

GO:0006470

BP

protein dephosphorylation

The process of removing one or more phosphoric residues from a protein.

PP2D1, PPP6C, PLPP1, PLPP3, CTDSP2, PPP1R12A, CTDSPL, PPM1G, CDC14B, DUSP11, PPM1B, SBF1, CTDNEP1, PPP1R3D, PTPRC, BCL2, PTPRB, PTPRD, PTPRM, PTPN4, PPP2R1A, PPP1CC, PTPN9, TPTE, PTEN, PPP4C, PPP1CA, PPP1CB, PPP2CB, CYCS, DUSP2, PPP2R3A, PPP3CA, DLG1, MTM1, MTMR2, PPP2R5D, PTPRK, DLGAP5, TAB1, DUSP5, PTPN21, PTPRO, TIMM50, PPM1J, TNS2, PHLPP2, SSH2, PPP1R3B, PPM1K, PPTC7, UBLCP1, DUSP9, CPPED1, DUSP26, CTDSP1, PPA2, DUSP22, PHPT1, MTMR4, CTTNBP2NL, DUSP13, PPM1H, BTRC, PTPN22, DUSP10

GO:0006471

BP

protein ADP-ribosylation

The transfer, from NAD, of ADP-ribose to protein amino acids.

TNKS, PARP1, ARF4, SIRT2, TNKS2, PARP2

GO:0006473

BP

protein acetylation

The addition of an acetyl group to a protein amino acid. An acetyl group is CH3CO-, derived from acetic [ethanoic] acid.

NUPR1, EP300, FOXO1, CREBBP, KAT6A, KAT2B

GO:0006474

BP

N-terminal protein amino acid acetylation

The acetylation of the N-terminal amino acid of proteins.

NAT9, NAA15, NAA50

GO:0006475

BP

internal protein amino acid acetylation

The addition of an acetyl group to a non-terminal amino acid in a protein.

PCK1, MDH2, EP300

GO:0006476

BP

protein deacetylation

The removal of an acetyl group from a protein amino acid. An acetyl group is CH3CO-, derived from acetic [ethanoic] acid.

HDAC3, HDAC1, SIRT2, HDAC6, HDAC5

GO:0006477

BP

protein sulfation

The addition of a sulfate group as an ester to a protein amino acid.

NDST1, CHST4, CHST5

GO:0006478

BP

peptidyl-tyrosine sulfation

The sulfation of peptidyl-tyrosine residues to form peptidyl-O4'-sulfo-L-tyrosine.

TPST1, TPST2

GO:0006479

BP

protein methylation

The addition of a methyl group to a protein amino acid. A methyl group is derived from methane by the removal of a hydrogen atom.

SNRPB, GSPT1, PCMT1, SNRPD3, BTG1, BTG2, METTL21A, PCMTD1, PRMT1, LCMT1, N6AMT1

GO:0006481

BP

C-terminal protein methylation

The methylation of the C-terminal amino acid of a protein.

ICMT, LCMT1

GO:0006482

BP

protein demethylation

The removal of a methyl group, from a protein amino acid. A methyl group is derived from methane by the removal of a hydrogen atom.

KDM1A, PPME1

GO:0006486

BP

protein glycosylation

A protein modification process that results in the addition of a carbohydrate or carbohydrate derivative unit to a protein amino acid, e.g. the addition of glycan chains to proteins.

NPC1, PMM2, B3GALT2, B4GALT4, LARGE, B3GALT4, FUT1, FUT4, DDOST, PSEN1, DAD1, LRP2, GOLGA2, FUT2, TRIP11, EXT1, ALG10B, B3GNT9, GCNT2, ST8SIA4, EXT2, SDF2, B3GNT5, ALG9, B4GALT6, NAGPA

GO:0006487

BP

protein N-linked glycosylation

A protein glycosylation process in which a carbohydrate or carbohydrate derivative unit is added to a protein via the N4 atom of peptidyl-asparagine, the omega-N of arginine, or the N1' atom peptidyl-tryptophan.

B4GALT1, FUT4, DDOST, MGAT2, ST3GAL1, MGAT5B, ALG8, FUT8, TMEM165, MAN1C1, ALG6

GO:0006488

BP

dolichol-linked oligosaccharide biosynthetic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of dolichol-linked oligosaccharide, usually by a stepwise addition of glycosyl chains to endoplasmic reticulum membrane-bound dolichol-P.

MPDU1, ALG10B, PQLC3, ALG8, ALG9, ALG13, ALG6

GO:0006489

BP

dolichyl diphosphate biosynthetic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of dolichyl diphosphate, a diphosphorylated dolichol derivative.

MVD

GO:0006490

BP

oligosaccharide-lipid intermediate biosynthetic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of an oligosaccharide-lipid intermediate, such as a molecule of dolichol-P-man or dolicol-P-Glc used in N-linked glycosylation.

ALG8, ALG6

GO:0006491

BP

N-glycan processing

The conversion of N-linked glycan (N = nitrogen) structures from the initially transferred oligosaccharide to a mature form, by the actions of glycosidases and glycosyltransferases. The early processing steps are conserved and play roles in glycoprotein folding and trafficking.

PRKCSH, MAN1A1, MAN2A2, ENGASE, ST8SIA4, EDEM1, FUT8, EDEM3, MAN1C1, MAN1B1, MGAT4A, MGAT4B

GO:0006493

BP

protein O-linked glycosylation

A protein glycosylation process in which a carbohydrate or carbohydrate derivative unit is added to a protein via the hydroxyl group of peptidyl-serine, peptidyl-threonine, peptidyl-hydroxylysine, or peptidyl-hydroxyproline, or via the phenol group of peptidyl-tyrosine, forming an O-glycan.

OGT, TRAK2, LARGE, VEGFB, ST8SIA6, GALNT2, GALNT1, DAG1, GALNT7, GALNT10, POMGNT2, TRAK1, POMT1

GO:0006497

BP

protein lipidation

The covalent attachment of lipid groups to an amino acid in a protein.

ABCA1, WIPI1, PIK3C3, ATG10, WDR45, WIPI2

GO:0006499

BP

N-terminal protein myristoylation

The covalent attachment of a myristoyl group to the N-terminal amino acid residue of a protein.

PPM1B

GO:0006501

BP

C-terminal protein lipidation

The covalent attachment of a lipid group to the carboxy terminus of a protein.

ATG12

GO:0006505

BP

GPI anchor metabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways involving glycosylphosphatidylinositol anchors, molecular mechanisms for attaching membrane proteins to the lipid bilayer of cell membranes. Structurally they consist of a molecule of phosphatidylinositol to which is linked, via the C-6 hydroxyl of the inositol, a carbohydrate chain. This chain is in turn linked to the protein through an ethanolamine phosphate group, the amino group of which is in amide linkage with the C-terminal carboxyl of the protein chain, the phosphate group being esterified to the C-6 hydroxyl of the terminal mannose of the core carbohydrate chain.

PIGW, PGAP3

GO:0006506

BP

GPI anchor biosynthetic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of a glycosylphosphatidylinositol (GPI) anchor that attaches some membrane proteins to the lipid bilayer of the cell membrane. The phosphatidylinositol group is linked via the C-6 hydroxyl residue of inositol to a carbohydrate chain which is itself linked to the protein via an ethanolamine phosphate group, its amino group forming an amide linkage with the C-terminal carboxyl of the protein. Some GPI anchors have variants on this canonical linkage.

PIGA, PIGF, PIGH, PIGY, PIGG, PIGC, PGAP3, PIGU, CWH43, DPM3

GO:0006507

BP

GPI anchor release

The GPI anchor metabolic process that results in enzymatic cleavage of the anchor, releasing an anchored protein from the membrane.

GPLD1

GO:0006508

BP

proteolysis

The hydrolysis of proteins into smaller polypeptides and/or amino acids by cleavage of their peptide bonds.

MASP2, TPP1, UBD, CAPN5, CFLAR, ADAM12, KLK10, DHH, NRDC, TBL1X, ADAM23, PDCD6, CAPN15, PRSS23, PAPLN, ECEL1, F8, F2, C1R, PLG, PLAU, PLAT, CFB, C3, C1QA, MMP1, CFI, KLK3, CTSD, PRSS1, CTSL, CTSB, CELA2A, CELA2B, MMP2, MME, MMP10, DLD, CTSH, C1S, C4A, C4B, MBL2, F5, BMP1, IDE, MMP9, KLK2, CAPN3, MMP8, MMP11, CTSS, MST1, DPP4, PSMB5, LAP3, PCSK1, TPP2, CASP1, PDIA3, SRI, PRSS3, DPP6, CTSK, PSMC4, PREP, CASP4, MMP14, MMP15, MMP16, THOP1, CTSC, CASP9, CASP6, NPEPPS, YBEY, ADAMTS20, SHFM1, ADAM8, OLR1, ADAM17, HTRA3, PMPCA, CBLB, PAPPA, BLMH, FGL2, WFDC2, ESPL1, CASP8, CUL7, CLCA4, PCOLCE, FCN2, NEDD8, LONRF1, LONRF2, MST1L, MMEL1, LONRF3, PREPL, PITRM1, CPZ, CTRB2, DESI1, RHBDD2, ERAP2, ADAMTSL4, THSD4, ASRGL1, ERMP1, TRABD2A, TMPRSS6, PM20D2, SFRP1, MPND, AOPEP, ADAMTS17, ADAMTS15, ADAMTS18, PIGK, HTRA1, GGH, TANK, NUDT16, STAMBPL1, CPB2, AGBL1, MMP19, TMEM59, NLN, NDEL1, ADAMTS10, CAPN10, ALG13, MMP25, NRIP3, MMP26, UFSP2, PGPEP1, C1RL, ADAMTS9, CTSZ, CTSF, ADAMTS1, USP25, LNPEP, GGT7, FBXL2, ADAM21, ADAMTS6, SUFU, ADAMTS5, ADAMTS8, AGTPBP1, RCE1, MYRF, MMP24, CPQ, XRCC6BP1, LOC440434

GO:0006509

BP

membrane protein ectodomain proteolysis

The proteolytic cleavage of transmembrane proteins and release of their ectodomain (extracellular domain).

ADAM10, MYH9, RBMX, PSEN1, PSEN2, ADAM17, PRKCQ, ADAM9, DAG1, SPPL2A, APH1A, ADAM19, ERAP1

GO:0006511

BP

ubiquitin-dependent protein catabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of a protein or peptide by hydrolysis of its peptide bonds, initiated by the covalent attachment of a ubiquitin group, or multiple ubiquitin groups, to the protein.

UBA6, USP27X, PSMD11, UBE2C, UBD, PSMD3, SIAH2, USP12, USP2, RNF8, USP1, UBR5, UCHL3, XBP1, USP6, PSMC2, RANBP1, UBE2A, USP11, UBE2E1, TTC3, ATXN3, UBE2D3, USP46, UBE2H, PSMC6, UBE2B, UBE2I, SQSTM1, CUL7, NEDD8, UBR3, USP34, USP31, USP51, USP45, USP48, SIAH1, TP53INP2, FBXO22, USP32, FBXO25, RFFL, BAP1, UFD1L, USP13, FBXO32, ITCH, USP28, PINK1, USP42, SMURF2, CYLD, FBXO8, RLIM, DTL, USP36, USP35, USP25, FBXL7, CDC23, AMFR, STUB1, USP22, RNF6, BTRC, USP20, USP15, ARIH1, NUB1, UCHL5

GO:0006513

BP

protein monoubiquitination

Addition of a single ubiquitin group to a protein.

PEX12, PARK2, UBE4B, UBE2D3, RBX1, UBE2B, CUL3, TRIM25, KLHL12, HUWE1, UBE2W, NEDD4L, RNF126, UBE2T, RAD18, DTL, FBXL2

GO:0006515

BP

misfolded or incompletely synthesized protein catabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of misfolded or attenuated proteins.

ATXN3, LONP2, UBE2W, OMA1, YME1L1, HDAC6, STUB1

GO:0006516

BP

glycoprotein catabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of glycoproteins, any protein that contains covalently bound glycose (i.e. monosaccharide) residues; the glycose occurs most commonly as oligosaccharide or fairly small polysaccharide but occasionally as monosaccharide.

MGEA5, STT3B, ADAMTS9

GO:0006517

BP

protein deglycosylation

The removal of sugar residues from a glycosylated protein.

MAN2B1, MGEA5, MAN2A2, ENGASE, MAN2B2

GO:0006518

BP

peptide metabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways involving peptides, compounds of two or more amino acids where the alpha carboxyl group of one is bound to the alpha amino group of another.

MME, CPM, CPN1, THOP1, CPZ, AEBP1, MIPEP, NLN

GO:0006520

BP

cellular amino acid metabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways involving amino acids, carboxylic acids containing one or more amino groups, as carried out by individual cells.

QDPR, ATF4, SLC6A6, MTHFR, GLUD2, SLC7A2, SLC7A5, CLN3, SLC7A6, SCLY, SLC7A8, SLC7A7, SLC6A14, SLC25A15

GO:0006521

BP

regulation of cellular amino acid metabolic process

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways involving amino acids.

PSMD11, PSMD12, AZIN1, PSMD3, PSMD10, OAZ2, INS, ODC1, NQO1, PSMC3, PSMB1, PSMA1, PSMA2, PSMA3, PSMA4, PSMB8, PSMB9, PSMB4, PSMB5, PSMC2, PSMB10, PSMC4, PSMB3, PSMD7, OAZ1, PSME3, PSMC1, PSMC6, PSMD2, PSME4

GO:0006526

BP

arginine biosynthetic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of arginine, 2-amino-5-(carbamimidamido)pentanoic acid.

ASS1, CAD

GO:0006527

BP

arginine catabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of arginine, 2-amino-5-(carbamimidamido)pentanoic acid.

DDAH1, DDAH2, FAH, NOS3

GO:0006529

BP

asparagine biosynthetic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of asparagine, 2-amino-3-carbamoylpropanoic acid.

ASNS

GO:0006531

BP

aspartate metabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways involving aspartate, the anion derived from aspartic acid, 2-aminobutanedioic acid.

GOT2, ASS1, ADSS, ADSSL1

GO:0006532

BP

aspartate biosynthetic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of aspartate, the anion derived from aspartic acid, 2-aminobutanedioic acid.

GOT2, BCAT1

GO:0006533

BP

aspartate catabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of aspartate, the anion derived from aspartic acid, 2-aminobutanedioic acid.

GOT2

GO:0006534

BP

cysteine metabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways involving cysteine, 2-amino-3-mercaptopropanoic acid.

CTH, GCLC, GCLM, CDO1

GO:0006535

BP

cysteine biosynthetic process from serine

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of cysteine from other compounds, including serine.

CBS

GO:0006536

BP

glutamate metabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways involving glutamate, the anion of 2-aminopentanedioic acid.

GOT2, GCLC, GCLM, GLUD2, MTHFS, ALDH18A1

GO:0006537

BP

glutamate biosynthetic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of glutamate, the anion of 2-aminopentanedioic acid.

GLS, SLC1A3, GLUD2

GO:0006538

BP

glutamate catabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of glutamate, the anion of 2-aminopentanedioic acid.

GLUD2

GO:0006541

BP

glutamine metabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways involving glutamine, 2-amino-4-carbamoylbutanoic acid.

PFAS, PHGDH, ASNS, CTPS1, CAD, GMPS, GFPT1, ADSSL1, GGH, CTPS2

GO:0006543

BP

glutamine catabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of glutamine, 2-amino-4-carbamoylbutanoic acid.

GLS, PPAT

GO:0006544

BP

glycine metabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways involving glycine, aminoethanoic acid.

PHGDH, GART, SHMT1, DMGDH

GO:0006545

BP

glycine biosynthetic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of glycine, aminoethanoic acid.

DHFR

GO:0006546

BP

glycine catabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of glycine, aminoethanoic acid.

GCSH

GO:0006548

BP

histidine catabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of histidine, 2-amino-3-(1H-imidazol-4-yl)propanoic acid.

HNMT

GO:0006549

BP

isoleucine metabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways involving isoleucine, (2R*,3R*)-2-amino-3-methylpentanoic acid.

GHR, STAT5A, STAT5B

GO:0006552

BP

leucine catabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of leucine, 2-amino-4-methylpentanoic acid.

HMGCL, AUH, MCCC1, MCCC2

GO:0006554

BP

lysine catabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of lysine, 2,6-diaminohexanoic acid.

DLD, DLST, ALDH7A1, OGDH, PHYKPL, PIPOX, AASS

GO:0006555

BP

methionine metabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways involving methionine (2-amino-4-(methylthio)butanoic acid), a sulfur-containing, essential amino acid found in peptide linkage in proteins.

MTHFD1, MTHFR

GO:0006556

BP

S-adenosylmethionine biosynthetic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of S-adenosylmethionine, S-(5'-adenosyl)-L-methionine, an important intermediate in one-carbon metabolism.

MAT2A, MAT2B

GO:0006557

BP

S-adenosylmethioninamine biosynthetic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of S-adenosylmethioninamine, (5-deoxy-5-adenosyl)(3-aminopropyl) methylsulfonium salt.

AMD1

GO:0006559

BP

L-phenylalanine catabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of phenylalanine, 2-amino-3-phenylpropanoic acid.

GSTZ1, QDPR, FAH, ASRGL1, HGD

GO:0006560

BP

proline metabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways involving proline (pyrrolidine-2-carboxylic acid), a chiral, cyclic, nonessential alpha-amino acid found in peptide linkage in proteins.

PRODH

GO:0006561

BP

proline biosynthetic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of proline (pyrrolidine-2-carboxylic acid), a chiral, cyclic, nonessential alpha-amino acid found in peptide linkage in proteins.

ALDH18A1

GO:0006562

BP

proline catabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of proline (pyrrolidine-2-carboxylic acid), a chiral, cyclic, nonessential alpha-amino acid found in peptide linkage in proteins.

PRODH

GO:0006563

BP

L-serine metabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways involving L-serine, the L-enantiomer of serine, i.e. (2S)-2-amino-3-hydroxypropanoic acid.

SHMT1, CBS

GO:0006564

BP

L-serine biosynthetic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of L-serine, the L-enantiomer of serine, i.e. (2S)-2-amino-3-hydroxypropanoic acid.

PHGDH, PSAT1

GO:0006565

BP

L-serine catabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of L-serine, the L-enantiomer of serine, i.e. (2S)-2-amino-3-hydroxypropanoic acid.

SHMT1, CBS

GO:0006566

BP

threonine metabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways involving threonine (2-amino-3-hydroxybutyric acid), a polar, uncharged, essential amino acid found in peptide linkage in proteins.

PHGDH

GO:0006569

BP

tryptophan catabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of tryptophan, the chiral amino acid 2-amino-3-(1H-indol-3-yl)propanoic acid.

KMO, KYNU

GO:0006572

BP

tyrosine catabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of tyrosine, an aromatic amino acid, 2-amino-3-(4-hydroxyphenyl)propanoic acid.

GSTZ1, FAH, HGD

GO:0006573

BP

valine metabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways involving valine, 2-amino-3-methylbutanoic acid.

GHR, STAT5A, STAT5B, ALDH6A1

GO:0006574

BP

valine catabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of valine, 2-amino-3-methylbutanoic acid.

HIBADH, ALDH6A1, HIBCH

GO:0006576

BP

cellular biogenic amine metabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways occurring at the level of individual cells involving any of a group of naturally occurring, biologically active amines, such as norepinephrine, histamine, and serotonin, many of which act as neurotransmitters.

MAOA

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