GO:0042824

CC

MHC class I peptide loading complex

A large, multisubunit complex which consists of the MHC class I-beta 2 microglobulin dimer, the transporter associated with antigen presentation (TAP), tapasin (an MHC-encoded membrane protein), the chaperone calreticulin and the thiol oxidoreductase ERp57. Functions in the assembly of peptides with newly synthesized MHC class I molecules.

CALR

GO:0042827

CC

platelet dense granule

Electron-dense granule occurring in blood platelets that stores and secretes adenosine nucleotides and serotonin. They contain a highly condensed core consisting of serotonin, histamine, calcium, magnesium, ATP, ADP, pyrophosphate and membrane lysosomal proteins.

HPS4

GO:0042995

CC

cell projection

A prolongation or process extending from a cell, e.g. a flagellum or axon.

SH3PXD2B, ANGPT2, TLR2, LPXN, WDR1, CLSTN1, SPP1, ACTN1, EZR, MDK, RRM1, CAD, GJA5, AGFG1, ARPC4, PTEN, ACTR2, GTF2I, FMR1, ARHGEF5, TRIP10, SCN9A, KIZ, RHOU, CFAP52, ARHGAP24, CFAP36, MEGF10, MAGI1, RTN4, CDC42SE2, BIN2

GO:0043005

CC

neuron projection

A prolongation or process extending from a nerve cell, e.g. an axon or dendrite.

SNAP23, ARPC2, FLRT2, SIAH2, ACTN4, PARK2, KIF5C, KIF1B, DAB1, GABBR2, MYO1D, UNC5C, FOS, GPI, TH, PFN1, HSP90AA1, NGFR, VIM, NMB, QDPR, PTPRF, MAP2, FOSL1, STMN1, ATF4, PAM, SYT1, CALB2, AHCY, ATP2B4, MPST, FAS, S100A4, CD27, SLC6A1, SSTR1, GDI1, NF2, SSTR5, PTGS2, OPRL1, RGS2, ADCYAP1R1, SLC1A3, IQGAP1, NPBWR1, CSNK1D, STAR, HNMT, VAMP7, HNRNPA3, CDH13, PTEN, RAC3, SNAP25, CDC42, RAP1A, VAMP2, CXADR, ABAT, ARF1, CDK16, ANK2, APBA1, FMR1, GRIN2A, ANK3, FADD, STX3, CLN3, HDAC1, ARHGEF7, CASP8, KISS1, NPY5R, NCOA1, ITSN1, VAMP3, PTPRO, CPEB4, SLC4A8, TENM4, KLC3, NSMF, SV2A, SV2B, CYFIP1, RASGRP2, CPEB2, TPH2, CPEB3, CYGB, ANKS1A, NRCAM, GHSR, FGF13, RAB39B, CYFIP2, PDLIM5, MARK4, PACRG, DOCK7, ANKRD27, CIB1, INPP5K, CADM1, LIN7B, CACYBP, ATP13A2, LIN7C, STMN3, TENM3, MYO5A, LSM4

GO:0043020

CC

NADPH oxidase complex

A enzyme complex of which the core is a heterodimer composed of a light (alpha) and heavy (beta) chain, and requires several other water-soluble proteins of cytosolic origin for activity. Functions in superoxide generation by the NADPH-dependent reduction of O2.

CYBB, NCF2, NCF4, NOXA1, NOX4

GO:0043025

CC

neuronal cell body

The portion of a neuron that includes the nucleus, but excludes cell projections such as axons and dendrites.

APBB1, AGRP, ENC1, NRP1, PMM2, SLC31A1, SIAH2, RGS10, BRINP1, ACSL4, COBL, ZPR1, SRSF10, DAB1, LRP6, MYO1D, STAU1, ADA, CST3, TGFB1, PENK, APOE, ANG, APOB, S100B, TUBB4A, NTRK1, CYBB, APOD, CYP17A1, INHA, HSP90AA1, CHRM2, UCHL1, C4A, PTPRF, IAPP, LAMP1, ANXA3, NQO1, TIMP2, CPE, SRD5A1, ELK1, TNFRSF1B, RAB5A, FLNA, GAL, RRM1, CAD, CANX, EPHB2, ADORA1, SRD5A2, PRKAR2B, BMPR1A, IL6ST, SLC1A3, SLC1A4, CSNK1E, STAR, PSEN1, PSEN2, GSK3B, ASCL1, PPT1, AGFG1, EPHA5, RAC3, CDC42, TGFB2, RACK1, GTF2I, CDK5, PURA, DHODH, FKBP4, EEF1A2, SOS1, KCNA1, TIAM1, STRN3, MAPK8IP2, ILK, PICALM, TUBB3, CAMK2D, ALCAM, BMPR2, ARHGEF7, ITPR3, KCNJ11, PTPRK, CNN3, KISS1, ASIC2, DPYSL2, FBXO31, CPLX2, KNDC1, CAMK2N1, TRPV1, DNER, TRPM4, DENND1A, PARD3, CYGB, ARHGEF2, ALS2, P2RX4, TXN2, OLFM1, CIB1, KATNB1, SPTBN4, PHAX, ATP13A2, GLRX2, ELOVL5, CRIPT, ATXN10, PPARGC1A, VTI1B, PTBP2, ADAM21, AMFR, NRXN1, PYCARD, IGSF9B, MYO5A, RBM8A, SNCAIP

GO:0043033

CC

isoamylase complex

A protein complex whose composition varies amongst species; in rice it probably exists in a homo-tetramer to homo-hexamer form and in Gram-negative bacteria as a dimer. Functions in the hydrolysis of alpha-(1,6)-D-glucosidic branch linkages.

AGL

GO:0043034

CC

costamere

Regular periodic sub membranous arrays of vinculin in skeletal and cardiac muscle cells, these arrays link Z-discs to the sarcolemma and are associated with links to extracellular matrix.

KRT8, KRT19, DMD, SDC4, FXR1, ANK2, AHNAK, ANK3, ILK, DAG1, FLNC, HOMER1

GO:0043083

CC

synaptic cleft

The narrow gap that separates the presynaptic and postsynaptic membranes, into which neurotransmitter is released.

PRSS12, COLQ

GO:0043159

CC

acrosomal matrix

A structural framework, or 'dense core' at the interior of an acrosome. May regulate the distribution of hydrolases within the acrosome and their release during the acrosome reaction.

DLD

GO:0043186

CC

P granule

A small cytoplasmic, non-membranous RNA/protein complex aggregates in the primordial germ cells of many higher eukaryotes.

PIWIL4, TDRD9, CARHSP1

GO:0043190

CC

ATP-binding cassette (ABC) transporter complex

A complex for the transport of metabolites into and out of the cell, typically comprised of four domains; two membrane-associated domains and two ATP-binding domains at the intracellular face of the membrane, that form a central pore through the plasma membrane. Each of the four core domains may be encoded as a separate polypeptide or the domains can be fused in any one of a number of ways into multidomain polypeptides. In Bacteria and Archaebacteria, ABC transporters also include substrate binding proteins to bind substrate external to the cytoplasm and deliver it to the transporter.

ABCD4, ABCG8, ABCB6, ABCF2

GO:0043194

CC

axon initial segment

Portion of the axon proximal to the neuronal cell body, at the level of the axon hillock. The action potentials that propagate along the axon are generated at the level of this initial segment.

BIN1, CCK, ANK3, CAMK2D, NRCAM, SPTBN4

GO:0043195

CC

terminal bouton

Terminal inflated portion of the axon, containing the specialized apparatus necessary to release neurotransmitters. The axon terminus is considered to be the whole region of thickening and the terminal bouton is a specialized region of it.

AP3D1, SYNJ1, STX6, GHRH, APP, CCK, TH, SYN1, RAB5A, SYT1, CALB2, CAD, ADORA1, SNCA, NMU, RAB7A, POLG, PRSS12, STXBP1, AP1S1, SLC18A2, ILK, DPYSL2, NTRK2, AAK1, CPLX2, SV2A, AP2M1, P2RX4

GO:0043196

CC

varicosity

Non-terminal inflated portion of the axon, containing the specialized apparatus necessary to release neurotransmitters.

TNFRSF1B

GO:0043197

CC

dendritic spine

A small, membranous protrusion from a dendrite that forms a postsynaptic compartment - typically receiving input from a single presynapse. They function as partially isolated biochemical and an electrical compartments. Spine morphology is variable including thin, stubby, mushroom, and branched, with a continuum of intermediate morphologies. They typically terminate in a bulb shape, linked to the dendritic shaft by a restriction. Spine remodeling is though to be involved in synaptic plasticity.

APBB1, RGS10, CTNND1, CRYAB, APP, ITGB1, DRD2, ARF4, NR1D1, COMT, ITPKA, LAMA2, MT3, CANX, ADORA1, PRKAR2B, ACTN2, PPP1CC, MAP1B, ATP1A2, FXR1, EPHA4, PTEN, PPP1CA, DLG4, MYL7, FMR1, STX4, TIAM1, MTMR2, CTTN, GRM3, FRMPD4, CNN3, ASIC2, PTPRO, ARC, NLGN1, ALS2, P2RX4, SYT11, STRN4, CRIPT, ASAP1, LZTS1, FARP1, ARFGEF2

GO:0043198

CC

dendritic shaft

Cylindric portion of the dendrite, directly stemming from the perikaryon, and carrying the dendritic spines.

APP, FLNA, PRKAR2B, NSF, PSEN1, GSK3B, ILK, NLGN1, ARHGEF2, SYNGAP1, GPER1, CRIPT, LZTS1

GO:0043202

CC

lysosomal lumen

The volume enclosed within the lysosomal membrane.

RNASET2, MAN2B1, NCAN, TPP1, GYG2, SDC3, GPC4, CSPG5, GC, FUCA1, CD74, HEXA, CTSD, DCN, PSAP, CTSL, HSP90AA1, PDGFRB, GAA, LAMP2, VCAN, ARSA, GNS, ARSB, GM2A, SDC1, OGN, BGN, CTSS, SDC4, GALNS, SDC2, GPC1, PPT1, SGSH, LUM, NAGLU, GALC, HSPG2, FMOD, ASAH1, CSPG4, GPC2, BCAN, NEU1, OMD, ATP13A2, CTSF, PPT2, HPSE, MAN2B2, GPC6

GO:0043203

CC

axon hillock

Portion of the neuronal cell soma from which the axon originates.

AURKA, CCK, SERPINF1, NDEL1, SPTBN4, TPX2

GO:0043204

CC

perikaryon

The portion of the cell soma (cell body) that excludes the nucleus.

KCNK1, ZPR1, PDE9A, GOT2, ASS1, GNRH1, PENK, CRYAB, BGLAP, CCK, TH, ENO2, TOP1, CCL2, DRD2, PAM, MAPK1, FUS, EPHA4, PPP1CA, RACK1, CDK5, FMR1, KCNA1, KLHL24, NSMF, RUFY3, SIRT2, OLFM1, NGB, HDAC6

GO:0043205

CC

fibril

Extracellular matrix material consisting of polysaccharides and protein.

SNCA, SLC1A3, MUC5AC

GO:0043209

CC

myelin sheath

An electrically insulating fatty layer that surrounds the axons of many neurons. It is an outgrowth of glial cells: Schwann cells supply the myelin for peripheral neurons while oligodendrocytes supply it to those of the central nervous system.

PHGDH, TSPAN2, WDR1, SLC25A12, TPPP, MYO1D, NDUFA10, GOT2, CA2, CRYAB, PMP2, ALB, TUBB4A, ERBB2, ATP1B1, SLC25A5, GPI, LDHB, HSP90AA1, PDHA1, ENO2, DLD, UCHL1, BCL2, DLAT, HSPD1, HSPA5, RALA, NEFH, SLC25A4, CKB, MIF, PKM, EZR, SYN1, TCP1, SRD5A1, NDUFV2, COX5A, ATP6V1B2, NME2, UQCRC2, CANX, NDUFS1, TKT, PDIA3, SDHA, GDI1, UQCRC1, STIP1, PHB, RDX, ATP5C1, DLST, MDH1, MDH2, VDAC2, NSF, UQCRFS1, CCT3, GDI2, ATP1A2, VCP, PLP1, ACTB, SNAP25, CDC42, STXBP1, RAP1A, GNB1, GNB2, RPS27A, ACTG1, TUBA1B, TUBB4B, CCT2, PITPNA, SLC25A3, EEF1A2, PRDX1, CNTN1, ITPR3, KCNJ11, SEPT2, DPYSL2, FSCN1, TUBA1A, SERINC5, SIRT2, CA13, PDCD6IP, NDRG1, CNRIP1, ACO2, PACSIN1, PLCB1, EHD3, SUCLA2

GO:0043218

CC

compact myelin

The portion of the myelin sheath in which layers of cell membrane are tightly juxtaposed, completely excluding cytoplasm. The juxtaposed cytoplasmic surfaces form the major dense line, while the juxtaposed extracellular surfaces form the interperiod line visible in electron micrographs.

PMP22

GO:0043219

CC

lateral loop

Non-compact myelin located adjacent to the nodes of Ranvier in a myelin segment. These non-compact regions include cytoplasm from the cell responsible for synthesizing the myelin. Lateral loops are found in the paranodal region adjacent to the nodes of Ranvier, while Schmidt-Lantermann clefts are analogous structures found within the compact myelin internode.

STX4, DLG1, SIRT2, MPP5

GO:0043220

CC

Schmidt-Lanterman incisure

Regions within compact myelin in which the cytoplasmic faces of the enveloping myelin sheath are not tightly juxtaposed, and include cytoplasm from the cell responsible for making the myelin. Schmidt-Lanterman incisures occur in the compact myelin internode, while lateral loops are analogous structures found in the paranodal region adjacent to the nodes of Ranvier.

ANXA2, AKR1B1, MAG, PRKCI, PTEN, SIRT2, MPP5, JAM3

GO:0043224

CC

nuclear SCF ubiquitin ligase complex

A ubiquitin ligase complex, located in the nucleus, in which a cullin from the Cul1 subfamily and a RING domain protein form the catalytic core; substrate specificity is conferred by a Skp1 adaptor and an F-box protein. SCF complexes are involved in targeting proteins for degradation by the proteasome. The best characterized complexes are those from yeast and mammals (with core subunits named Cdc53/Cul1, Rbx1/Hrt1/Roc1).

RBX1

GO:0043231

CC

intracellular membrane-bounded organelle

Organized structure of distinctive morphology and function, bounded by a single or double lipid bilayer membrane and occurring within the cell. Includes the nucleus, mitochondria, plastids, vacuoles, and vesicles. Excludes the plasma membrane.

CNOT1, AGPS, HIP1, ARNTL, IPO5, CHD2, ADAM10, CHEK1, MGST3, XPO1, BTAF1, SCAMP1, SCAMP2, STX7, P4HA2, SIAH2, AQP9, SLC25A17, FADS1, RAD1, DIAPH2, RAB11FIP3, PEX14, VPS26A, ECI2, DAB1, STAM2, URI1, SEC31A, GDF11, PPP1R3D, CYB5A, AMBP, TFRC, APOB, S100B, GAPDH, CYP1A1, APP, UGT2B4, INSR, CTSB, IGF1R, COL4A2, CYP3A4, STS, CLTA, G6PD, CYP2C9, VCAN, P4HA1, POU2F1, LIG1, ATP2B1, CYP3A5, ATP6V1B2, CNR1, FGFR2, SCP2, PTGS1, ME2, ATP2B4, PTAFR, MCM3, CTSS, PSMA4, PON1, ABCD3, GRN, CTGF, TSPO, ALDH1B1, FOXN2, STX2, CTNNA1, GTF2F1, IRS1, PSMC2, NUP62, PPARG, DDOST, ELK3, EPS15, RANGAP1, ARCN1, PRRC2A, ATP1A2, RAB5C, RAB7A, NOVA1, SMARCA2, ALDH3A2, HSD17B4, PLXNA3, VAMP7, AGFG1, MSH6, ATXN1, ATP12A, VCP, SEC13, POLE2, AP1S2, PEX3, AP3S2, AP1S1, NCS1, AP2B1, VAMP2, YBX1, OLR1, GPLD1, SARNP, DAB2, RUNX1, SLC7A5, COL4A3, MEF2C, CHAF1A, CALCOCO2, IFIT5, MTA1, SLC14A1, GOLGA4, TRA2A, SNX1, PTCH1, VEZF1, CTTN, GRB14, MEF2D, ZNF638, ACOX1, NECTIN1, RABEP1, TMED2, PCBP1, TAF5, TAF1C, TAF1A, TRIP10, NSDHL, VAMP3, USF2, ZFHX3, SNAPC1, CYP1B1, TBRG1, ATP13A5, KLHL12, ZNF326, ACBD5, FAM72A, LAMTOR1, FAM72D, SFXN4, AGTRAP, AFTPH, PARM1, UGT2A3, DRAM2, RAB11FIP1, RAB11FIP2, ZFYVE16, WAPL, ARHGAP30, RABEPK, CASZ1, ALYREF, SLC26A11, OSTM1, GPBP1, FAM72B, PPP1R3B, TDRP, DCP2, ZDHHC17, SLF2, KMT2E, RDH10, ABCA6, CA13, EIF1AD, HSD17B11, LSM14A, TNRC6A, PHC3, VPS37A, NUP35, GPRC5A, DBF4B, MFSD8, SPATA18, SPPL3, SPPL2A, ABHD5, SCARB1, MITD1, ABCA5, SLC9A6, GOLGA1, ATP6V0A1, KISS1R, PMEPA1, CLUAP1, MVB12A, ERO1A, SENP5, EAF1, SEC16B, EXOC2, PLIN4, SNX18, ERGIC2, CCNL2, ACOX2, NEU1, PLIN2, BARD1, LITAF, MGST2, MYBBP1A, DHRS4, TIPIN, CLEC7A, POLDIP3, ASPSCR1, TRIM8, EIF5A2, UBA5, UPF3A, OBFC1, ATP13A3, PHAX, DDX31, RRAGC, TMEM165, NEK6, ANLN, ACSS2, EIF4ENIF1, SNX15, GLRX2, TMEM106B, TDP1, NDFIP2, MTPAP, THAP1, AURKAIP1, SYBU, ZDHHC7, GPRC5B, GRHL1, DTL, GLTSCR2, KANSL3, DNMT3B, VPS29, CTSZ, POLK, AASS, VTI1B, KCNG1, GGA1, CROT, ZMIZ1, PLAGL1, PPT2, POLI, TRIM33, HPSE, RNF6, RUVBL1, ITM2B, GSTK1, CCDC53, TNPO3, XRCC6BP1

GO:0043234

CC

protein complex

A stable macromolecular complex composed (only) of two or more polypeptide subunits along with any covalently attached molecules (such as lipid anchors or oligosaccharide) or non-protein prosthetic groups (such as nucleotides or metal ions). Prosthetic group in this context refers to a tightly bound cofactor. The component polypeptide subunits may be identical.

APBB1, KRIT1, SMAD7, RIPK2, PRPF3, SMAD6, ACTN4, TRIAP1, KDM1A, MITF, PEX14, ERLIN2, SNX4, GDF11, MBD3, BCL10, PEX11B, ACTL6A, GOT2, MYC, RBP4, TTR, ALB, ANXA1, NR3C1, NTRK1, TP53, SERPINA5, KLK3, TUBB, HSP90AA1, HNRNPC, PARP1, AR, PRKAR1A, HSPD1, CLU, BCR, TOP2A, DMD, COL6A1, COL6A2, SKI, SKIL, CFTR, PDGFRA, ATP2A2, NPPB, SDC1, BCL3, CAPN3, HNF1A, SCP2, ATP2B4, HMGB2, MAPK3, CAD, CANX, MAPK1, CORO1A, GDI1, AKT1, STIP1, OTX2, CTNNB1, PTGS2, MYH9, PPP1CC, SREBF1, BRCA1, CDKN1A, DDOST, FEN1, PRKCI, HTT, SYK, IQGAP1, LIMS1, SOX9, NASP, CDK8, PPM1F, RGS4, PSEN2, SMARCA4, BRCA2, CAV2, NEK2, POLG, HIRA, MLLT10, SNU13, PEX3, NLRP5, ACTB, STXBP1, DCAF7, RAB11A, ACTA2, HIST1H4A, GNB2, HIST1H3D, CXADR, H3F3A, HSF1, MDM2, SPTBN1, SET, ID2, FKBP4, CAV1, PTPN11, MEF2C, RBBP4, STRN3, STK4, CHAF1A, CHAF1B, MAPK8IP2, UBE2V1, ILK, IKZF1, SNTA1, SNTB2, BIRC3, EIF4EBP1, HDAC1, SNX1, ACVR2B, SNTB1, CKAP5, ARHGEF7, RFTN1, LTBP1, CHD4, RAB3GAP1, PCM1, NR0B2, TAB1, SMAD1, PKN1, PKN2, DPYSL2, CDCA8, PTRF, CNST, RNF111, RNF165, PXK, MAGI2, SLC51A, WWC1, MPP5, CISD2, INADL, SMARCC2, PARD3, IPO4, PPM1E, RYR2, HDAC2, TANK, SMARCC1, ARHGEF2, PRKCDBP, DNAJC19, ALS2, PANX1, USP28, PHB2, SMAD5, SOST, AIF1L, CCM2, NAT9, SSBP3, PARD6B, FOXP3, CCDC113, RAB3GAP2, TLE6, PLEKHA2, CHD8, GOPC, PARD6A, SPATS2L, ASF1B, TES, NUFIP1, AMFR, MYH2, NRXN1, KIDINS220, MYO5B, HIGD1A, PRELID1, ASF1A, EXOG, SSX2IP, SUGT1, PAM16, DTNA, WIPI2, N6AMT1

GO:0043235

CC

receptor complex

Any protein complex that undergoes combination with a hormone, neurotransmitter, drug or intracellular messenger to initiate a change in cell function.

NRP1, MUSK, GPR37, RAMP1, RAMP3, LRP5, LRP6, TM7SF2, EGFR, LDLR, ERBB2, NTRK1, APP, ITGB3, ITGB2, ITGB1, INSR, ADRB2, IGF1R, GHR, FGFR1, VDR, ADRB3, ITGB4, ITGB5, ERBB3, PTPRB, IL4R, ITGA3, KLRC1, ACVR2A, FLT4, ACVR1B, TGFBR1, TGFBR2, ADCYAP1R1, LIFR, NOTCH1, MTNR1A, LEPR, TRPC1, OLR1, SMAD3, VLDLR, LRP2, ROR1, TGFBR3, NOTCH2, DDR1, NR1H3, RIPK1, ACVR2B, ITPR2, ITPR3, ERBB4, TRADD, NTRK2, NT5DC3, ITLN1, GPR98, LOXL4, GPR63, ABCG8, GPRC5C, GPR160, TAOK2

GO:0043240

CC

Fanconi anaemia nuclear complex

A protein complex composed of the Fanconi anaemia (FA) proteins including A, C, E, G and F (FANCA-F). Functions in the activation of the downstream protein FANCD2 by monoubiquitylation, and is essential for protection against chromosome breakage.

STRA13, FANCG, FAAP100, FAAP20, FANCM, APITD1, FANCB, FANCE

GO:0043257

CC

laminin-8 complex

A laminin complex composed of alpha4, beta1 and gamma1 polypeptide chains.

LAMB1

GO:0043259

CC

laminin-10 complex

A laminin complex composed of alpha5, beta1 and gamma1 polypeptide chains.

LAMB1, LAMC1

GO:0043260

CC

laminin-11 complex

A laminin complex composed of alpha5, beta2 and gamma1 polypeptide chains.

LAMC1

GO:0043265

CC

ectoplasm

Granule free cytoplasm, lying immediately below the plasma membrane.

GYS2

GO:0043292

CC

contractile fiber

Fibers, composed of actin, myosin, and associated proteins, found in cells of smooth or striated muscle.

PPP1R12A, CST3, GJA1, DEK

GO:0043293

CC

apoptosome

A multisubunit protein complex involved in the signaling phase of the apoptotic process. In mammals it is typically composed of seven Apaf-1 subunits bound to cytochrome c and caspase-9. A similar complex to promote apoptosis is formed from homologous gene products in other eukaryotic organisms.

CASP9

GO:0043296

CC

apical junction complex

A functional unit located near the cell apex at the points of contact between epithelial cells, which in vertebrates is composed of the tight junction, the zonula adherens, and desmosomes and in some invertebrates, such as Drosophila, is composed of the subapical complex (SAC), the zonula adherens and the septate junction. Functions in the regulation of cell polarity, tissue integrity and intercellular adhesion and permeability.

CCDC85C, RHOA, TJP1, PKN2, FBF1, SHROOM3, FRMD6, NECTIN3

GO:0043509

CC

activin A complex

A nonsteroidal regulator, composed of two covalently linked inhibin beta-A subunits (sometimes known as activin beta-A or activin/inhibin beta-A).

INHBA

GO:0043512

CC

inhibin A complex

Heterodimeric hormone composed of an inhibin alpha subunit complexed with an inhibin beta-A subunit.

INHA, INHBA

GO:0043513

CC

inhibin B complex

Heterodimeric hormone composed of an inhibin alpha subunit complexed with an inhibin beta-B subunit.

INHA

GO:0043514

CC

interleukin-12 complex

A protein complex that is composed of an interleukin-12 alpha (p35, product of the IL12A gene) and an interleukin-12 beta subunit (p40, product of the IL12B gene) and is secreted into the extracellular space.

IL12A

GO:0043540

CC

6-phosphofructo-2-kinase/fructose-2,6-biphosphatase complex

A homodimeric, bifunctional enzyme complex which catalyzes the synthesis and degradation of fructose 2,6-bisphosphate, and is required for both glycolysis and gluconeogenesis.

PFKFB1

GO:0043541

CC

UDP-N-acetylglucosamine transferase complex

A multienzyme, heterooligomeric complex involved in dolichyl-linked oligosaccharide synthesis. In yeast the complex is composed of Alg7p, which catalyzes the first step (GlcNAc1-PP-Dol from dolichol-phosphate and UDP-GlcNAc), and Alg13p plus Alg14p, the catalytic and anchoring subunits respectively, which together catalyze the second step (GlcNAc2-PP-dolichol from GlcNAc1-PP-Dol and UDP-GlcNAc) of dolichyl-linked oligosaccharide synthesis.

EXT2

GO:0043564

CC

Ku70:Ku80 complex

Heterodimeric protein complex composed of a 70 kDa and a 80 kDa subunit, binds DNA through a channel formed by the heterodimer. Functions in DNA double stranded break repair, chromosome maintenance, transcription regulation, V(D)J recombination, and activation of DNA-PK.

XRCC5

GO:0043596

CC

nuclear replication fork

The Y-shaped region of a nuclear replicating DNA molecule, resulting from the separation of the DNA strands and in which the synthesis of new strands takes place. Also includes associated protein complexes.

SMARCA5, PCNA, ZMIZ2, TONSL, SMARCAD1, BAZ1B

GO:0043614

CC

multi-eIF complex

A multifactor complex composed of multiple translation initiation factors and the initiatior tRNAiMet, which is ready to bind to the small (40S) ribosome to form the 43S preinitiation complex. In S. cerevisiae, this complex is composed of eIF1, eIF2, eIF3, and eIF5.

EIF2S1, EIF3A

GO:0043625

CC

delta DNA polymerase complex

A multimeric DNA polymerase enzyme complex which differs in composition amongst species; in humans it is a heterotetramer of four subunits of approximately 125, 50, 68 and 12kDa, while in S. cerevisiae, it has three different subunits which form a heterotrimer, and the active enzyme is a dimer of this heterotrimer. Functions in DNA replication, mismatch repair and excision repair.

POLD1, POLD3, POLD4

GO:0043626

CC

PCNA complex

A protein complex composed of three identical PCNA monomers, each comprising two similar domains, which are joined in a head-to-tail arrangement to form a homotrimer. Forms a ring-like structure in solution, with a central hole sufficiently large to accommodate the double helix of DNA. Originally characterized as a DNA sliding clamp for replicative DNA polymerases and as an essential component of the replisome, and has also been shown to be involved in other processes including Okazaki fragment processing, DNA repair, translesion DNA synthesis, DNA methylation, chromatin remodeling and cell cycle regulation.

PCNA

GO:0043657

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host cell

A cell within a host organism. Includes the host plasma membrane and any external encapsulating structures such as the host cell wall and cell envelope.

DYNLT1

GO:0043679

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axon terminus

Terminal inflated portion of the axon, containing the specialized apparatus necessary to release neurotransmitters. The axon terminus is considered to be the whole region of thickening and the terminal button is a specialized region of it.

HNRNPR, RGS10, SRSF10, GNRH1, PENK, CHRM2, CCL2, DRD2, ITGA2, ELK1, CHRM3, RAB5A, SRI, NTS, EPHA4, ATP6V0D1, FMR1, KCNA1, SEPT6, SLC9A6, GPER1, PACSIN1, FLRT3

GO:0044194

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cytolytic granule

A specialized secretory lysosome that is present in cells with cytolytic capability such as cytotoxic T lymphocytes and natural killer cells. Cytolytic granules mediate the storage and regulated excretion of lytic molecules for killing of target cells.

LAMP1, STXBP2, RNF19B

GO:0044207

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translation initiation ternary complex

A ribonucleoprotein complex that contains aminoacylated initiator methionine tRNA, GTP, and initiation factor 2 (either eIF2 in eukaryotes, or IF2 in prokaryotes). In prokaryotes, fMet-tRNA (initiator) is used rather than Met-tRNA (initiator).

EIF2S1

GO:0044214

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spanning component of plasma membrane

The component of the plasma membrane consisting of gene products and protein complexes that have some part that spans both leaflets of the membrane.

BMPR2, CDHR2

GO:0044216

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other organism cell

A cell of a secondary organism with which the first organism is interacting.

C4A, C4B

GO:0044224

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juxtaparanode region of axon

A region of an axon near a node of Ranvier that is between the paranode and internode regions.

DLG4, KCNA1, SIRT2, EPB41L3

GO:0044232

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organelle membrane contact site

A zone of apposition between the membranes of two organelles, structured by bridging complexes. Membrane contact sites (MCSs) are specialized for communication, including the efficient traffic of small molecules such as Ca2+ ions and lipids, as well as enzyme-substrate interactions.

ESYT2, ESYT1

GO:0044233

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ER-mitochondrion membrane contact site

A zone of apposition between endoplasmic-reticulum and mitochondrial membranes, structured by bridging complexes. These contact sites are thought to facilitate inter-organelle calcium and phospholipid exchange.

ACSL4, CANX, RAB32, TOMM20, ZFYVE1

GO:0044291

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cell-cell contact zone

Extended zone of intimate apposition between two cells containing one or more types of intercellular junctions, e.g., the intercalated disk of muscle.

FLOT1, RAP2B, AHNAK, TIAM1, FLCN, PKP4, JAM3, PCDH9

GO:0044294

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dendritic growth cone

The migrating motile tip of a growing nerve cell dendrite.

COBL, PTCH1, MAPK8IP1

GO:0044295

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axonal growth cone

The migrating motile tip of a growing nerve cell axon.

COBL, EPHA4, FKBP4, TIAM1, PTCH1, PARD3, OLFM1, FLRT3, MAPK8IP1, TRPV2

GO:0044297

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cell body

The portion of a cell bearing surface projections such as axons, dendrites, cilia, or flagella that includes the nucleus, but excludes all cell projections.

TLR2, STAU1, GNAI2, TUBB, MAPT, EZR, GNB3, TCP1, COMT, NF2, RPL28, CCT3, GNAQ, CCT8, ACTA2, RPS6, GNB1, GNB2, ACTG2, ACTC1, CXADR, CCT2, NRG1, FADD, DPYSL3, CASP8, RDH10, PACRG, CCT7, SYT11, PINK1, GABARAPL1, CACYBP, MAPK8IP1, LZTS1, TRPV2

GO:0044299

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C-fiber

The axon of a dorsal root ganglion cell that are responsive to pain and temperature. C-fibers are small in diameter (0.2-1.5 um) and unmyelinated.

CCL2

GO:0044300

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cerebellar mossy fiber

An axon arising from cerebellar projecting cells in the cochlea, vestibular nuclei, spinal cord, reticular formation, cerebellar nuclei and basilar pontine nuclei. Mossy fibers enter through all three cerebellar peduncles and send collaterals to the deep cerebellar nuclei, then branch in the white matter and terminate in the granule cell layer. Through this branching, a given mossy fiber can innervate several folia. Mossy fibers synapse on granule cells. The synaptic contacts are made at enlargements along the length of the mossy fiber called mossy fiber rosettes. The enlargements of the rosettes give the axons as mossy appearance in Golgi stained preparations.

NFIB, DLG4

GO:0044302

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dentate gyrus mossy fiber

Distinctive, unmyelinated axons produced by granule cells.

MAPK8IP1

GO:0044304

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main axon

The main axonal trunk, as opposed to the collaterals; i.e., excluding collaterals, terminal, spines, or dendrites.

APBB1, APP, TIAM1

GO:0044306

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neuron projection terminus

The specialized, terminal region of a neuron projection such as an axon or a dendrite.

SCRG1, MME, UCHL1, DMD, VAMP2, DLG4, TMEM57, FLRT1

GO:0044308

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axonal spine

A spine that originates from the axon, usually from the initial segment.

EEA1, SLC9A6

GO:0044309

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neuron spine

A small membranous protrusion, often ending in a bulbous head and attached to the neuron by a narrow stalk or neck.

DLG4

GO:0044322

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endoplasmic reticulum quality control compartment

A subcompartment of the endoplasmic reticulum in which proteins with improper or incorrect folding accumulate. Enzymes in this compartment direct proteins with major folding problems to translocation to the cytosol and degradation, and proteins with minor folding problems to the ER, to interact with chaperon proteins.

OS9, SYVN1, RHBDD1, EDEM1, EDEM3, DERL2, UGGT1, SEL1L, MAN1B1

GO:0044326

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dendritic spine neck

Part of the dendritic spine that connects the dendritic shaft to the head of the dendritic spine.

SRI

GO:0044327

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dendritic spine head

Distal part of the dendritic spine, that carries the post-synaptic density.

FUS, GPER1

GO:0044354

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macropinosome

A membrane-bounded, uncoated intracellular vesicle formed by the process of macropinocytosis.

ANXA2, CLIP1, MMP14, LRRC16A, ANKFY1

GO:0044393

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microspike

A dynamic, actin-rich projection extending from the surface of a migrating animal cell.

EZR, FSCN1

GO:0044530

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supraspliceosomal complex

Multicomponent complex of RNA and proteins that is composed of four active spliceosomes, termed native spliceosomes, connected to each other by the pre-mRNA. The supraspliceosome is the nuclear machine where the pre-mRNA processing takes place, like the 5'-end capping, 3'-end cleavage, splicing and editing.

RBMX

GO:0044599

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AP-5 adaptor complex

An AP-type membrane coat adaptor complex that in humans consists of beta5, zeta, mu5 and sigma5 subunits and is found associated with membranes in the endosomes; it is not clear whether AP-5 forms clathrin coats in vivo.

AP5Z1

GO:0044609

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DBIRD complex

A protein complex that associates with mRNP particles and RNA polymerase II and is proposed to integrate transcript elongation with the regulation of alternative splicing. In humans it is composed of the proteins KIAA1967/DBC1 and ZNF326/ZIRD.

ZNF326, CCAR2

GO:0044611

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nuclear pore inner ring

A subcomplex of the nuclear pore complex (NPC) that forms the inner rings of the core scaffold, a lattice-like structure that gives the NPC its shape and strength. In S. cerevisiae, the two inner rings are each composed of Nup192p, Nup188p, Nup170p and Nup157p. In vertebrates, the two inner rings are each composed of Nup205, Nup188 and Nup155. Components are arranged in 8-fold symmetrical 'spokes' around the central transport channel. A single 'spoke', can be isolated and is sometimes referred to as the Nup170 complex.

NUP155, NUP205

GO:0044613

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nuclear pore central transport channel

The central substructure of the nuclear pore complex (NPC), through which nucleocytoplasmic transport of RNAs, proteins and small molecules occurs. The central transport channel is filled with FG-nucleoporins, which form a selective barrier and provide a series of binding sites for transporter proteins. Characterized S. cerevisiae FG-nucleoporins include Nup159p, Nup145Np, Nup116p, Nup100p, Nsp1p, Nup57p, Nup49p, Nup42p, Nup53p, Nup59p/Asm4p, Nup60p and Nup1. Characterized vertebrate FG-nucleoporins include Nup214, Nup98, Nup62, Nup54, Nup58/45, NLP1, and Nup153.

NUP62, NUP153, NUTF2, NUP35, NUP62CL

GO:0044614

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nuclear pore cytoplasmic filaments

Filamentous extensions on cytoplasmic face of the nuclear pore complex (NPC). In S. cerevisiae, Nup159p, Nup82p, and Nup42p contribute to the cytoplasmic filaments. In vertebrates, Nup358 is a major component.

RANGAP1, RANBP2

GO:0044615

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nuclear pore nuclear basket

A filamentous, cage-like assembly on the nuclear face of the nuclear pore complex (NPC). In S. cerevisiae, Mlp1p and Mlp2p are two major components of the NPC nuclear basket. In vertebrates, Tpr is a major component.

TPR, NUP153, RANBP2, NUP35

GO:0044666

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MLL3/4 complex

A protein complex that can methylate lysine-4 of histone H3, and which contains either of the protein subunits MLL3 or MLL4 in mammals, or equivalent in other species.

KDM6A, RBBP5, KMT2C, PAGR1, ASH2L

GO:0044753

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amphisome

An autophagosome formed upon fusion between autophagosomes and endosomes.

SQSTM1

GO:0044754

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autolysosome

A type of secondary lysosome in which a primary lysosome has fused with the outer membrane of an autophagosome. It is involved in the second step of autophagy in which it degrades contents with acidic lysosomal hydrolases.

FTL, FTH1, LAMP2, SQSTM1, NCOA4, PIK3C3, MAP1LC3A

GO:0044798

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nuclear transcription factor complex

A protein complex, located in the nucleus, that is capable of associating with DNA by direct binding, or via other DNA-binding proteins or complexes, and regulating transcription.

KLF4, SOX15, SOX9, SOX8, SOX4, NFATC2, SOX17

GO:0044853

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plasma membrane raft

A membrane raft that is part of the plasma membrane.

MYO1D, PRKAR1A, PRKAR2A, EZR, PRKACA, CDH2

GO:0045025

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mitochondrial degradosome

A mitochondrial protein complex with 3' to 5' exoribonuclease activity that participates in intron-independent turnover and processing of mitochondrial transcripts. In humans, the mitochondrial degradosome is a pentameric complex, and in yeast it exists as a heterodimer.

SUPV3L1, PNPT1

GO:0045092

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interleukin-18 receptor complex

A protein complex that binds interleukin-18; comprises an alpha and a beta subunit.

TOLLIP

GO:0045095

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keratin filament

A filament composed of acidic and basic keratins (types I and II), typically expressed in epithelial cells. The keratins are the most diverse classes of IF proteins, with a large number of keratin isoforms being expressed. Each type of epithelium always expresses a characteristic combination of type I and type II keratins.

KRT1, KRT18, KRT8, KRT7, KRT3, KRT13, CSNK1A1, KRT80, FAM83H, FBF1, GPER1

GO:0045098

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type III intermediate filament

A type of intermediate filament, typically made up of one or more of the proteins vimentin, desmin, glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP), and peripherin. Unlike the keratins, the type III proteins can form both homo- and heteropolymeric IF filaments.

UPP2

GO:0045111

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intermediate filament cytoskeleton

Cytoskeletal structure made from intermediate filaments, typically organized in the cytosol as an extended system that stretches from the nuclear envelope to the plasma membrane. Some intermediate filaments run parallel to the cell surface, while others traverse the cytosol; together they form an internal framework that helps support the shape and resilience of the cell.

TACC1, PSMD10, VIM, KRT13, DES, NES, CCT8, SMARCA2, FAAP100, NFATC4, PKN2, PHLDB2, XRN1, EIF1AD, NUP35, SYNE2, SEC62, OBFC1, MDN1, NFKBIL1, IP6K2, SAP30BP, STUB1, NSFL1C, ZNF175

GO:0045120

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pronucleus

The nucleus of either the ovum or the spermatozoon following fertilization. Thus, in the fertilized ovum, there are two pronuclei, one originating from the ovum, the other from the spermatozoon that brought about fertilization; they approach each other, but do not fuse until just before the first cleavage, when each pronucleus loses its membrane to release its contents.

AURKA, HNRNPL, CENPF, HSF1, EZH2

GO:0045121

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membrane raft

Any of the small (10-200 nm), heterogeneous, highly dynamic, sterol- and sphingolipid-enriched membrane domains that compartmentalize cellular processes. Small rafts can sometimes be stabilized to form larger platforms through protein-protein and protein-lipid interactions.

MYO1C, SDCBP, SYNJ2, NPC1, PLSCR1, CFLAR, DAPK3, TLR2, JAK2, FLOT1, ERLIN2, ABCA1, BCL10, EGFR, PGK1, KRAS, TNF, CD4, PRNP, GNAI2, APP, ICAM1, ITGB1, FYN, LDHB, CTSD, ANXA2, LYN, CD55, CD14, PTPRC, GNAI3, CD48, FURIN, HSPD1, DMD, TDGF1, EEF2, SLC2A4, PECAM1, SELE, CD36, RHOQ, GJA1, HK1, ATP2B1, TNFRSF1B, RAB5A, MAL, S1PR1, CNR1, CD24, FAS, STOM, DPP4, PPP2R1B, PRKAR2B, SDC4, GPC1, BSG, TGFBR1, TGFBR2, CSK, IQGAP1, PSEN1, SERPINH1, PPT1, CAV2, EPHB1, EMP2, S100A10, RAP2B, GNAI1, CXADR, OLR1, ADAM17, ANK2, TEK, CAV1, AHNAK, BST2, CNTN1, HYAL2, DLG1, MALL, FADD, CBLB, CLN3, BIRC3, GPM6B, RIPK1, DAG1, RFTN1, CASP8, ANGPT1, TLR1, TRADD, RFTN2, LAMTOR1, RGMB, PTRF, RTN4RL1, SULF1, UNC5B, ITLN1, TNR, INPP5D, GHSR, MAL2, EFHD2, MYADM, ARID3A, SORBS1, SMURF2, PAG1, GPRC5B, HPSE, PIKFYVE, ADGRG1

GO:0045160

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myosin I complex

A myosin complex containing a class I myosin heavy chain and associated light chains; myosin I heavy chains are single-headed, possess tails of various lengths, and do not self-associate into bipolar filaments; myosin I complexes are involved in diverse processes related to membrane traffic and cell movement.

MYO1C

GO:0045171

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intercellular bridge

A direct connection between the cytoplasm of two cells that is formed following the completion of cleavage furrow ingression during cell division. They are usually present only briefly prior to completion of cytokinesis. However, in some cases, such as the bridges between germ cells during their development, they become stabilised.

CDC7, RAB11FIP3, TDP2, ESRRA, BCL3, XPA, PRKCI, PIK3CB, TIRAP, KIF23, UNC119, CEP55, CDCA8, TEX14, KMT2E, PPP1R13L, AURKB, EAF1, C9orf72, C12orf66, SNRNP25, PCIF1, SRA1, FAN1

GO:0045177

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apical part of cell

The region of a polarized cell that forms a tip or is distal to a base. For example, in a polarized epithelial cell, the apical region has an exposed surface and lies opposite to the basal lamina that separates the epithelium from other tissue.

CHL1, DAB1, AQP8, PLAT, CA2, LDLR, APP, MGST1, EZR, VCAM1, ATP6V1C1, C5AR1, TUBG1, CTNNB1, NF2, SLC11A2, NUMB, CLCN5, VAMP7, EMP2, CDC42, GPSM2, ACVR1, TJP1, IFIT5, ITPR3, HFE, HOMER1, DYNC2LI1, PARD6B, EPB41L4B, PARD6A, MYO6

GO:0045178

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basal part of cell

The region of a cell situated near the base. For example, in a polarized epithelial cell, the basal surface rests on the basal lamina that separates the epithelium from other tissue.

TF, EDN1, ITGA2, SLC11A2, HFE, DOCK7, HOMER3

GO:0045179

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apical cortex

The region that lies just beneath the plasma membrane on the apical edge of a cell.

GM2A, NLRP5, HAMP, MYO5B

GO:0045180

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basal cortex

The region that lies just beneath the plasma membrane on the basal edge of a cell.

PKD2, PHLDB2, PHLDB1

GO:0045202

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synapse

The junction between a nerve fiber of one neuron and another neuron or muscle fiber or glial cell; the site of interneuronal communication. As the nerve fiber approaches the synapse it enlarges into a specialized structure, the presynaptic nerve ending, which contains mitochondria and synaptic vesicles. At the tip of the nerve ending is the presynaptic membrane; facing it, and separated from it by a minute cleft (the synaptic cleft) is a specialized area of membrane on the receiving cell, known as the postsynaptic membrane. In response to the arrival of nerve impulses, the presynaptic nerve ending secretes molecules of neurotransmitters into the synaptic cleft. These diffuse across the cleft and transmit the signal to the postsynaptic membrane.

KCNK1, APBB1, RGS12, ARPC2, FLRT2, LRP6, UNC5C, SNAPIN, EGFR, APP, PFN1, CHRM2, MME, ITGA5, C4A, C4B, CHRNB1, DMD, CCL2, CDH2, CHRM3, CALB2, MPST, HTR2B, MTHFR, VAMP7, VAMP2, DLG4, MDM2, FMR1, KCNA1, STX4, SNTB2, SNTB1, SEPT2, ITSN1, VAMP3, CPEB4, SDK2, PDZD11, SARM1, CBLN3, NSMF, DNMBP, SHISA6, CYFIP1, RASGRP2, SDK1, CPEB2, MAGI2, ERC1, NLGN4X, SPG20, NLGN1, TMEM57, ENAH, CPEB3, MYRIP, GPR98, SLC9A6, SYN2, NRCAM, APBB2, CYFIP2, OLFM1, PRRT1, SH3GL2, PACSIN1, CADM1, NRN1, CBLN4, NDE1, DACT1, SAMD4A, MAPK8IP1, DLGAP4, DTNA, PCLO

GO:0045203

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integral component of cell outer membrane

The component of the cell outer membrane consisting of the gene products having at least some part of their peptide sequence embedded in the hydrophobic region of the membrane.

FAM73A